4 Historical Underpinnings
2TO APPRECIATE IN PROPER PERSPECTIVE Albert Einstein’s epochal contributions to humanity, it is necessary to jump backward to the dawn of civilization.
3 First manifest in Austronesia, then in India, then in Babylon four millennia and more ago, a loosely connected network of priest-navigators had developed a powerful epistemological, cosmological, conceptual, spherical geometry of generalized mathematical significance. This apparently was inherent in the total inventory of human experience. There is ever-increasing proof that the navigator-priests of 4000 B.C. knew by secret legend that we occupy a spherical planet around which, their verbal records reported, humans had long ago navigated. This fact was memorialized by the navigator-priests of Egypt, who designed the symbol worn on the Egyptian pharaoh’ s brow. This golden device was a sphere around which two snakes headed in opposite directions but came together as the planet Earth. It was a closed-system sphere. The two snakes represented the two ways these ancient sea kings had ventured forth around the world—westward with the Sun and eastward against the Sun. These navigator-priests were alluding to what I call systemic thinking, in which, as previously explained, a system divides all Universe into all the Universe outside the system, all the Universe inside the system, and the little bit of the Universe constituting the system that does the inward-outward dividing.
4 Babylonian geometry is spherical—omnidirectional. The Babylonians discovered that the largest number of symmetrically identical geometric polygons into which the surface of a system can be uniformly divided is 20 equiangular triangles. The spherical polyhedron they discovered is now known by its Greek name—icosahedron. The Babylonians then discovered that all equiangular triangles can be subdivided by three lines drawn perpendicularly from each of their three corners to impinge upon the midpoints of their respective three opposite sides. These three perpendicular bisectors of the equiangular triangle divided the equiangular triangle into 6 right triangles, each with planar corners of 30∘, 60∘, and 90∘. These 6 identical right triangles in each of the 20 equiangular triangles of the planar-faceted icosahedron produce a total of 120 identical right triangles per system. These 120 geometrical figures constitute the largest number of identical figures into which any cosmic system can be uniformly, angularly, and symmetrically subdivided. In the spherical icosahedron there are 60 positive and 60 negative right-angled triangles. The Babylonians also discovered and made models of the spherical icosahedron produced by fifteen great circles, all of whose 120 identical spherical triangles three corners are 60∘, 90∘, and 36∘ each. In plane geometry the sums of the angles of all triangles are always 180∘. In spherical trigonometry, used in surveying and navigation, the sums of the angles of spherical triangles are always more than 180∘. The sums vary among different spherical triangles. Whatever amount over 180∘ the sum of the angles of spherical triangles may be is called spherical excess. Each of the 120 spherical triangles of the spherical icosahedron has a spherical excess of 6∘. Thus, the total spherical excess of the icosahedron is 6∘× 120, or 720∘.1 It was from this discovery that the Babylonians evolved the ‘‘sixtiness’’ concept, from which we get our 60 minutes and 60 seconds of time, as well as fractions of a 360∘ circle with 60 minutes and seconds of angles, as being nature’s optimum subdividing number. The Babylonians hoped thus to coordinate cosmic time and cosmic space calculations, but they failed in the attempt.
6 Such fundamental cosmic thinking in ancient Babylonia in the period around 1000 to 300 B.C. retrogressed as the successive world-supreme, behind-the-scenes military, financial, and religious power structures moved civilization ever west-northwestward.
7 Looking to discover where these early navigator-priests first came by their mathematical knowledge and systemic thinking, we must look beyond Babylonia to the very dawn of humankind in Austronesia, where we find humans born naked, helpless, and hungry but possessed of uniquely clever minds to aid in survival.
8 As can be most easily seen on my Dymaxion World Map (which is free of visible distortion of size or shape of any of the land areas), with propitious-for-life temperature zones indicated by color, humanity begins populating the planet Earth in the lush warm-water lagoons of the South Pacific and North Indian Ocean coral atolls.
9 Geographically, these people may be called Austronesians. As environmental evoluting conditions permitted, these early humans intuitively first ventured forth on rafts, riding the currents over the total Pacific, eventually inventing intentionally windward-sailing craft. Going to far-off islands and bringing back strange or magical objects, the navigator-priests helped the chieftains of the South Pacific maintain their God-ordained power. With new westward navigation capability, the Polynesians followed the life-giving Sun’s seemingly ever-westward passage, which took them into the Indian Ocean and then across it to East Africa and Arabia.
10 Very early in the prehistory of humanity, bands of sheepskin-clothed, South China—emanating horsemen succeeded in traveling north of the Himalayas all the way to the eastern boundaries of Europe via China and the steppes of Russia. Many generations later, emerging from caves after the Ice Age, they rode southward on horseback into Greece and Asia Minor, overwhelming the people to the south in Egypt and Mesopotamia. These horse-mounted pioneers and traders extended the Far East caravan routes to the Mediterranean shores of Europe and the Levant.
11 The fair-haired Dorians of Greece and the horse-mounted hordes from the north who came to overwhelm early Egypt were probably descended from the Orient-sprung horsemen who had much earlier passed westward, north of the Himalayas, and apparently had survived and bleached in European caves through the entire Ice Age. Overland caravan routes were eventually established, guarded intermittently by great city-state-constructed hilltop bastions. When these castellos were attacked, the year’s harvest was stashed within the walls, with the enemy left outside to starve or go away.
12 While vastly larger cargos can be carried on seagoing vessels than on the backs of animals or humans, the first hundred thousand years of boat development produced only open rafts, catamarans, and dugouts, which were unusable for carrying over great distances the types of goods that perish when wet. Not until stoutly keeled and ribbed ships with dry holds were developed in Southeast Asia could economically important cargos be carried. Such ever-more-ambitious shipbuilding eventually produced heavily keeled and ribbed ships that could carry valuable cargoes across the Indian Ocean. Such commerce delivered for ten thousand years its goods from the aeons-earlier-amassed wealth of the Orient to Babylon, Egypt, Persia, Mombasa, Madagascar, and the Levant.
13 The Arabian seacoast peoples developed shipbuilding so that ever-larger and more-profitable cargo carriers could be constructed. As we noted earlier in describing the law of similitude at length, doubling a ship’s length increases its payload volume by a factor of 8 but only increases by a factor of 4 the hull surface to be built and driven through the sea. Such economies brought about the transition of land capitalism to merchant-vessel private enterprise. These sailing ships interlinked the waterfronts of Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian peninsula, and the north-northeast African coast. Great fleets followed the seasonal changes of what sailors called the ‘‘monsoon seas.’’ Here the winds flow eastward for part of the year and westward for the rest of the year. In all of the ports along all of those coastlines, a crossbreeding waterfront people produced an ever more crossbred world sailor, identified historically with the people we know as the Phoenicians, Venetians, Vikings, Frisians, Portuguese, Celts, and some people of color—and, mythically, Sinbad the Sailor. Far East-Near East cargo-carrying ships and their ever-evolutingly advancing designs brought supreme economic power and world trade into the hands of those who controlled the shipbuilding operations. Eventually it was these traders who became known as the Phoenicians and who navigated and traded the known world.
14 The fall of Troy represented the first time in which the waterborne line of supply established by the big, new seagoing vessels outlasted the dwellers within the city-state walls, who were eventually starved into surrender. The great wooden ‘‘horse’’, which was the Trojans’ undoing, was in fact a relic of the newly massive, high-seas-going cargo and fishing ships of the new water-route masters of the ever more powerful, northwestward-spiraling flow of human civilization.
15 Ships constituted a mobile ‘‘environment control’’ allowing innately naked man to venture forth seasonally into climes too cold for previous survival. Boats could be turned keel skyward on beaches, producing the roofs of winter shelters in locales where humanity had never before lived.
16 The fall of Troy marked the beginning of the high-seas mastery of the large sailed and rowed ships that soon controlled the principal sea-lanes of westward world supply. Eventually this potential wealth ignited the ambitions of Alexander the Great of Macedonian Greece, who set out to establish a new world empire based on Europe-bound commerce from the Orient via the Near East. All this activity brought about a concentration of the most advanced knowledge of the scientist-philosophers of the Mediterranean along the Levant, first in Ionian Greece and then in Alexandria, one of the principal entrepôts of trade in the Mediterranean’s westbound commerce with both North African and South European shores. Unfortified Venice demonstrated the rise to supremacy of waterborne lines of supply over overland transport. Venice’s ship-supported troops overwhelmed other Italian city-states.
17 During the second and first centuries B.C., Italy became the westward successor of the vast military and commercial might amassed by Alexander the Great. But eventually the leaders of Rome found to their dismay that their physical might and majesty did not impress the great masses of humanity. A much more powerful and inspiring metaphysical-philosophical trending of humanity toward a belief in one God encouraged intuitive acceptance of the existence of one God of great intellect and physical power. This sole God was responsible for the design and operation of Universe, instead of, as previously thought, there being a plurality of gods, each governing special domains of Universe with appropriately unique capability. These were the household or pagan gods of the specialized slave peoples who tilled the soil and produced life support for the wealthy. About 600 B.C. in the Orient, Gautama Buddha, an individual of royal blood, had divested himself of special privilege and attributes and become a common human. His philosophical leadership endeared him to the people, and he developed great power amongst the masses.
18 Six hundred years later, the westward-bound caravans brought the Buddhist philosophy from the Far East to the Near East. Its coming was symbolized by tales of camel-borne ‘‘incense and myrrh-bearing’’ Orientals prognosticating a Star of the Orient guiding the overland navigation of three wise men of the East. The Far East—originated Buddhist philosophic concepts and precepts thus emerged in the mid-Near East in the teachings of Christ. About six hundred years later, the same fundamental philosophy and behavioral laws once more emerged in the teachings of Muhammad.
19 In the Alexandrian and post-Alexandrian Near East, both the illiterate peasantry and the educated nobility, as well as the most powerful military and mercantile leaders, depended on their navigator-priests for counsel on how to please or appease the mysteriously omnipotent, omniscient God. The people were concerned about the next world, where life—in contradistinction to this world—was either an utterly idealistic reward or an eternal punishment. The priest became the authority on what a human must do to obtain the reward and avoid the punishment.
20 We had seen this priesthood before, for it had evolved from the early brotherhood of overland or overseas navigators, who had learned through trigonometry, astronomy, and other means to steer courses over great distances with naught but the stars and their interpositionings with self to guide them. The navigators had the ability to persuade the noninitiates that they could get humanity from here to a predictable there at predictable times of arrival in a way utterly incomprehensible to the many. This impressive capability obviously engendered popular confidence in the priests’ navigational instructions on avoiding rocks, shoals, whirlpools, and storms of this world and on safely navigating into the harbors of the desirable other world.
21 The navigator-mathematician-priests long, long ago realized that their power could be greatly enhanced by maintaining a general condition of secrecy, obscurity, and outright mystery regarding the origins of their knowledge and authority.
22 The metaphysical concept of many gods was supplanted by monotheism in the Occident at about the same time as the new post-Alexandrian, Europe-based power over world trade assumed mastery over both the overland trade routes, with their Roman road and aqueduct construction, and the sea-lanes, as the powerful Roman navy evolved from the Alexandrian ‘‘thousand-ship’’ building techniques. For the first time in history there arose a comprehensively consolidated world military and commercial power that was finding its might to be held as naught by its people, who were entirely preoccupied with the counseling of their navigator-priests. The oppressed cried out defiantly, ‘‘We who are about to die salute you with joy in our hearts because we are bound to Heaven and you, Mr. Emperor, are bound to Hell. Let your beast come at us. The quicker we’re killed, the sooner we’ll reach Heaven.’’
23 The astute priesthood was copiously informed by the people’s comprehensive regular confessions, prescribed by the priest as essential to obtaining their passports to Heaven. The priests were the first to realize the military authority’s inability to rule the hearts and minds of the physically conquered masses. The priests knew that they controlled the one and only popularly accredited escape from a hellish existence into a heavenly afterlife. Life in this world was a succession of misfortunes. Belief in God was necessary not only to endure the living misfortunes but also to qualify the individual for the blessings of a heavenly next world. The authority of the navigator-priest was thus at its peak.
24 At around the same time, for reasons still unknown to us, a retrogression in mathematical conceptioning emerges, possibly because the navigator-priests foresaw that their power would be undermined if the kings or other people caught on to too much of their calculating capability. For millennia some of their most elementary concepts would be lost: that the tetrahedron, octahedron, and icosahedron are finitely closed systems because they inherently separate the outside portion of the Universe from the inside portion (i.e., the macrocosm from the microcosm); that the triangle is the only polygon that inherently holds its shape, and thus all structure is inherently triangular; that the tetrahedron, octahedron, and icosahedron, all triangularly faceted, are nature’s only three primitive structural systems.
25 Two millennia after Babylon we find Greek geometry robbed of systemic thinking and commencing its wrongheaded explorations with two-dimensional plane geometry. To plane geometers the world was an infinitely extended plane. The Euclideans strictly stated the rules of plane geometry, using a straightedge, a divider, and a scribing tool. They stated that the plane surface on which they scribed was that of the planet Earth. They had lost the concept of a finitely closed ‘‘system.’’ Their thinking had been fractionated—desynergized.
26 Apparently a historically unrecorded conspiracy had occurred, as the priest-navigator hierarchy had, over time, secretly merged its metaphysical power and religious authority with the temporal power of the world’s military and commercial masters. The conspirators had realized that the independent natural scientist-thinkers’ discoveries frequently embarrassed the power structure’s fortuitously contrived cosmology, which purposefully oversimplified explanations to humanity of astronomical and other scientific observations. Thus, the known world’s priests, military leaders, and merchant bankers apparently agreed upon referencing all public question-answering to the priests’ own convention of a very simple cosmological scheme of reality.
27 An earlier manifest of the power of the priesthood to do this was its capability to have Egyptian artists see and paint animals and humans only in profile (two dimensions), as an evolutionary pictorial development of much earlier Austronesian and Indonesian shadow puppets.
28 A second manifest of the priesthood’s power was the degrading of mathematical conceptioning by society’s scientific leaders, who abandoned the Babylonian’s spherical mensuration and reduced the Ionian Greek Euclidean’s art and science of geometry to the two-dimensional level, thus assuming the false reality of a plane-geometry world extendible laterally in all directions to infinity. This false world was timeless, weightless, temperatureless. It was a cubical coordinate system whose squares and cubes were geometrically irreconcilable with a spherical Earth and all other radiationally and gravitationally divergent-convergent, inherently nucleated, finite, spherical systems with growths and shrinkages and electromagnetic and acoustic, spherically gradient wave propagations. The Euclidean geometers, however, felt themselves to be scientifically rigorous because they started with three tools—straightedge, dividers, and scribe (their line-scratching tool)—and could make figures only with those tools. Scientifically speaking, what they overlooked was the true nature of the surface on which they scribed.
29 Because the Earth is so big and humans are so relatively small, it was easy to misassume that our world surface is indeed a plane, infinitely extended in all lateral directions, and that the Earth is the center of the Universe around which the Sun, Moon, and stars revolve.
30 The Aristotelian-era priests told the people, including all the scholars, that the surface of the Earth on which they stood extended laterally outward from where they stood to infinity; the limits of the scribed-on world surface were indefinable and need not be included in the geometry-initiating tool inventory.
31 Geometry, said the Euclideans, begins with one such infinite horizontally extensive plane on which you scribe. The Euclideans apparently knew nothing of the fact that a thousand years earlier the Babylonians, informed by the legends of their around-the-Earth-sailing navigator-priests, had been manifesting expertise with omnifinite spherical-system geometry and trigonometry.
32 A true geometrical plane is definable only as the set of all the most economical interrelationships of three points.
33 A couple of millennia later, synergetic geometry has reestablished the fact that a geometrical plane can occur and can be scientifically demonstrated to physically exist only as a surface-facet triangle of any polyhedral system. The minimum such physical demonstration of four inter-edge-bonded triangles is that producing the tetrahedron. You cannot experientially demonstrate a finite nothing—much less the surface of nothing, and much less a fractional part of nothing. It was also easy for the student of Euclid’s geometry to assume that in respect to the infinitely extensive lateral plane on which we live, there may coexist an infinite number of equiinterdistanced, parallel-to-one-another planes above and below, and parallel to, plane X. This set of infinitely extendable parallel planes, together with plane X, we will call the X set of equiinterdistanced, parallel-to-one-another planes. There also exist two other sets, Y and Z, of uniformly interdistanced and parallel-to-one-another planes which are perpendicularly interaddressed to one another and which, as the combined Y --Z set, may be perpendicularly addressed to the X set of planes.
34 These three omniinterperpendicular XY Z (i.e., omniright-angle, interaddressed) sets will produce an infinite aggregate of to-infinity, extensive cubes. This Euclidean conception of cubically arrayed space produces what has since been known as the XY Z frame of reference. In this right-angled matrix, the vertical Y planes ran north and south and the Z planes ran east and west. Since all the perpendiculars to the X plane are parallel to one another, they go in only two opposite directions: up and down. How far up Heaven and how far down Hell might be, was not known.
35 The minimum something is a system that must have both an insideness and an outsideness. A system is finite and, as stated before, inherently divides all of the Universe into all the Universe outside the system, the macrocosm; all of the Universe inside the system, the microcosm; and the remainder of the Universe, which is the closed-back-on-itself, finite system that does the macro-micro-finite dividing. All systems are finite.
36 The Euclideans defined a triangle as ‘‘an area bound by a closed line of three edges and three angles ’’ and a square as ‘‘an area bound by a closed line of four equal-lengthed edges and four equal angles.’’ Geometrical boundaries such as those of a triangle or square identified the finiteness of only the area locally surrounded within the visual limits of the observer. The triangle scratched on the ground was misassumedly surrounded by an area that ran forever unboundedly away and was therefore undefinable. This greatly oversimplified truth made it easy for the priest effectively to misinform his listeners. The definable was only the locally boundable and thus identifiable; the finite surface of the Earth outside the scribed triangle or square was ignored. This concept greatly pleased the inherent self-interests of the landowning citizens, who might have been heard to shout, ‘‘My area—get out of here, you foreigner.’’
37 Though little specifically is known of them, the centuries-earlier Greek Pythagoreans, apparently operating from experimentally verifiable evidence, were prone to commence their mensuration with multidimensional phenomena. Long after Pythagoras, Plato’s ‘‘solids’’ became the manifest of his multidimensional concern; of the Platonic solids, only the cube was volumetrically commensurate with Euclidean three-dimensional calculating.
38 In Plato’s time, before the Euclidean retrogression in geometrical conceptioning, Eudoxus (c. 408--355 B.C.) initiated what is now generally considered by scientific historians to be the beginning of scientific astronomy. Eudoxus’ kinematic theory of heliocentric spheres mathematically explained the complex interpatterning of any planetary system. The astronomer-mathematician Hipparchus made many corrections and improvements to Eudoxus’ theories. Philolaus, contemporary of Plato and Eudoxus, but not acknowledged by Plato, said, ‘‘The Universe is both spherical and limited. The Earth is a planet and, like the others, revolves on its axis. The Earth, however, is not necessarily at its Universe’s center.’’ Heracleides (388--31O B.C.) also established for himself that Venus and Mercury revolved around the Sun.
39 Aristarchus (c. third century B.C.) likewise saw all the planets to be orbiting the Sun. It was around this time that Eratosthenes measured the circumference of our Earth-sphere to within an almost negligible degree of error. In the same year, Crates developed history’s first known world globe.
40 Historical records show that around 200 B.C. the accredited scientists of those times progressively reverted to cosmologies whose schemata contradicted much of the great inventory of experientially observed evidence with which the great Greek philosophers had so brilliantly reasoned and conjectured. Political pressure was clearly causing the scientists to abandon truth—to abandon the comprehensive and synergized facts of earlier experimental evidence.
41 By 200 B.C. the priesthood had accomplished its union with the military and with the latter’s always discreetly hidden partners, the wealthy commerce and banking leaders, who controlled the complex economic exploitations of an amalgamated power structure. First destroying the great library at Alexandria , the power-structure-backed priesthood methodically discredited the Greek scientists’ evolutionary trending toward conceiving of a solar system. The cosmology and cosmogony reverted to a flat-disk Earth surrounded in turn by a water disk that extended to infinity in the same flat plane as that of the Earth. The Sun, the Moon, and the planets revolved around this Earth disk. To complete the picture, this conspiracy soon advanced to establishing the ‘‘Holy’’ Roman Empire at the center of the Earth disk.
42 The priesthood established the divine authority of the emperor-pope of the holy empire, and in time, this authority was conceived to be conveyed to the priesthood by the disciples of the Son of God, and thereby indirectly by the Son of God, and ergo by God himself. The cosmological model employed in explaining the experiences of life to all the people was one in which the great emperor-pope, as the supreme authority, had to be resident at the center of this flat Earth, with Sun, Moon, and stars revolving around the emperor-pope’s headquarters.
43 To the world power structure, the solar system theory, with the Earth as one of a number of planets revolving around the Sun—and with the high probability of similar systems with planets revolving around each of the visible stars—was intolerable. The rich and powerful wished to convince the people that their living leaders were situated right at the center of Universe. This fantastic worldview is one that is still powerfully persuasive to many humans. ‘‘Anybody can see,’’ said the priest-strategists, ‘‘that the Sun, Moon, and all the stars revolve around us. They all rise in the morning, travel across the heavens, and descend through some part of the infinite flat plane world, probably plunging through the sea into the underworld and traveling through Hell to rise again through the sea in the morning.’’
44 It was essential to the religio-military-economic conspiracy that the people conceive of the world as flat. All perpendiculars to the same Euclidean plane became demonstrably parallel to one another. All the people, trees, and temple columns were obviously parallel to one another. All these perpendicular parallel lines went in but two directions—up and down. This directional orientation was essential to the emperor-pope’s authority. Only the emperor-pope or his priests could arrange your ascendance into Heaven. Not believing in the state religion as the authority of God meant certain descent into Hell.
45 At about this time, these self-proclaimed prophets of divine authority instituted Roman numerals as the only means of expressing numbers. Thus, all mathematical calculation by ordinary people was frustrated. It became essential to the Roman power structure that nobody be able to do mathematical calculations. All calculating was monopolized by the emperor-pope’s administration, giving them control of all the wealth produced by human ingenuity and labor. Roman numerals were introduced solely for scorekeeping—counting sheep. They defied use as multiplying and dividing devices and thus made all complex calculating very difficult. Calculation became the sole domain of the power structure. It became increasingly clear that the supreme political and religious power structures of planet Earth started in Alexandrian Egypt about 250 B.C. deliberately to erase from human conceptioning the solar system discoveries of the great cosmically exploring, scientifically observing, measuring, and thinking Greeks. To rid society of every vestige of thought of the great thinkers and philosophers of former times, the power-structure conspirators destroyed the great library at Alexandria and imposed the Dark Ages view of Universe upon humanity.
46 All of cosmogonical and cosmological falsification dictated by the power structure resulted in frustrating the pursuit of knowledge and plunged the world into the Dark Ages. The resultant mischief and misconceptioning still governs human life on planet Earth.
47 Fortunately for humanity, an Arabian line of scientific communication from India and the Orient traveled westward via North Africa, gradually carrying the concept of the cipher, which eventually enabled scholars to develop the decimal system. This process of cumulative leftward positioning (each complete ten-finger increment or module being entered into the next leftward column as a single integer) facilitated mathematical calculation and the development of technology.
48 In A.D. 700, despite Rome’s control over the northern shores of the Mediterranean, the Arabic numerals and concomitant system of calculation entered the Mediterranean world through the Arabian language. This westward migration of calculating capability was made possible by the simplicity of the Arabian system. As we have discussed earlier, the leftward positioning of numbers in increments of ten was made possible by use of the cipher to symbolize an empty column. The calculating capability provided by the cipher was somehow overlooked by the Mediterranean world in A.D. 700, when use of the Arabic numerals came to be allowed by the Roman church.
49 To the Mediterranean world the Arabic numerals had meaning and were much easier to write than the long Roman numerations. No significance, however, was seen in the cipher. You cannot see ‘‘no sheep.’’ You cannot be hungry for ‘‘no sheep.’’ You cannot eat ‘‘no sheep.’’ Thus, the Mediterranean world inadvertently adopted the symbol 0 as a mere decorative device or for termination of a communication passage (i.e., as a period).
50 In A.D. 1200, five hundred years after it was written, al-Kwarizmi’s treatise on the cipher was translated into Latin in North Africa. Two hundred years later, around 1400, knowledge of the calculating capability of the positioning of numbers was communicated across the Strait of Gibraltar from North Africa into Portugal and thence into southern Germany and northern Italy. Columbus, acquiring this knowledge of Arabic numeral calculation in Portugal, was enabled to commence thinking of a spherical Earth and performing navigational spherical trigonometry.
51 The Inquisition of the Roman church imprisoned, tried, and almost muted Galileo. It hoped to suppress the proliferation of any scientific knowledge that tended to imply that the Sun revolved around the Earth and that the pope-emperor and his planet were not the center of the Universe.
52 The church’s cruel Inquisition was of no avail. Ability to calculate had been irretrievably restored to human individuals.
53 Despite great accomplishment during recent times, the scientists of today still live primarily in a three-dimensional Dark Ages reality, teaching their students only the misinformed XY Z, perpendicular and parallel, cubical and square systems of geometry and mensuration.
54 Despite Copernicus’s embarrassment of Rome with his announcement around 1512 that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the solar system, the schools of today throughout the world are yet deeply immersed in Dark Ages thinking. Many of the world’s leading scientists (who have known for five hundred years that the Sun does not ‘‘go down’’) thoughtlessly and carelessly tell their students and their own children to watch ‘‘the Sun go down’’ at dusk.
55 If you, the reader of these lines, personally use the words up and down, you, too, are as yet imprisoned in the Dark Ages. There are no parallels on the surface of the Earth; what may appear to be parallel radiates from the center of the Earth. There is no up and down in Universe; in, out, and around exist. The words up and down are relics of a time when the emperor-pope, as director of all traffic to Heaven and Hell, indicated direction with a point of his thumb.
56 Today’s schools at every level are almost completely vitiated by the Dark Ages—imposed ignorance. Omnispecialized educational systems and the narrow professionalism they foster, together with the power structures of big money, big religion, and big politics are all still deliberately frustrating human comprehension and the possible advantage to be gained from the knowledge learned during millions of years of trial-and-error striving. In official America and Europe the criterion for success in life is making money, not making sense and not individual access to nature’s own thinking and grand design.
57 All those around-the-world humans who saw and heard on television the landing of humans on the Moon in 1969 also heard the president of the United States of America congratulating the astronauts on ‘‘getting up’’ to the Moon and also heard the astronauts talking about ‘‘being up here on the Moon.’’ At the moment they were saying that, they and the Moon were on the other side of the planet Earth from where I was viewing the broadcast. They were in fact far from up: they were in the direction of my feet.
58 Because of humanity’s still debilitating cosmic misorientation, it was only the very reliable light-sensitive vacuum tubes, focus-locked onto the Sun and other stars and calculations progressively made by the computer, that made possible humans being safely ferried over to the Moon and back as the revolving Earth and its co-orbiting Moon together zoomed around the Sun at 60,000 miles per hour in an up-and-downless Universe.
59 A few years earlier, rockets aimed at the Moon by calculations of science’s best mathematical minds had missed their mark by 40,000 miles or more. It was only the light-sensitive instruments’ fix on the Sun and other major reference stars and a trigonometrically programmed computer that finally brought the flight path under control. Neither up nor down came into play.
60 In place of the words down and up, the correct words are in and out—into the Moon or into the Earth. Out is any direction. In is always directionally specific and point-to-able.
61 The travel directions of in, out, and around for such and such amounts of time at such and such speeds are sufficient cosmic flight data to get you to any specific location in our solar system or beyond.
62 Physics has found no separately demonstrable physical dimensions; no separate one-dimensional lines; no separate two-dimensional planes; no separate three-dimensional, timeless, weightless, temperatureless cubes; no straight lines or flat-out planes extending to infinity. Neither has physics demonstrated the existence of anything adamantinely solid.
63 Physics has found only waves of discontinuous, systemically finite energy-event constellations. There is no up or down. There is no geographically discrete wind-producing headquarters in a place called ‘‘northwest’’ from which the wind is said to blow—remember the cherubim shown puffing from the corners of the Dark Ages maps.
64 Neither winds nor columns nor spars of any great length can be linearly extended or pushed anywhere. Pushed lines curve; pulled lines tend to straighten out. Winds can be pulled (sucked) by low pressure around and about any multicornered course. When the wind is said to be blowing from the northwest, it is in fact being tensionally drawn by a low-pressure center southeast of the observer. If you think you are bravely facing into the wind, you are in fact looking in exactly the opposite direction from the causative event. Only now are the world’s leading meteorologists realizing this.
65 Now realizing the still powerful hold of the Dark Ages on human reflex and thought, I am going once again to review my speculative working assumption of the catalytic effect on Einstein’s synergetic thinking upon his learning that all radiation has the same speed.
66 Radiation, whether visible or invisible, is energy. All superficially disparate physical manifests of radiation, when unfettered in vacuo, have the same velocity. There are several immediate reorientations of human thinking that resulted from the discovery that all radiation (light, X-rays, photons, etc.) has the same common velocity. The examples I use are my own, but in principle they illustrate concepts of Einstein.
67 When we look at the North Star, we are looking at a live show taking place 470 years away and ago. It has taken that much time for the light to reach us this very moment. When we look at Andromeda, we are seeing a live show taking place 2.2 million years away and ago.
68 These light-years-differentialed celestial displays caused Einstein to say that the observed Universe around us is ‘‘an aggregate of nonsimultaneous events.’’ He went on to note that all those nonsimultaneously occurring, observable events are energy-radiating events of various magnitudes whose different durations overlap.
69 Einstein also noted that the light they radiated consists of photons and that photons are finite packages of light.
70 Einstein then reasoned that an aggregate of finites is finite and, though the whole of the Universe cannot be witnessed simultaneously, inasmuch as it is an aggregate of finites, despite its nonsimultaneous viewability, it must be finite. This, of course, was an entirely new way of thinking about Universe.
71 From all the conceptioning, considering, and conceiving of Einstein, I concluded that what he had discovered was what I refer to as ‘‘scenario Universe,’’ an endlessly evolving complex of dissimilar filmstrips, in contradistinction to the exclusive ‘‘single-frame’’ picture of Universe adopted by classical science. A scenario is an aggregate of overlappingly introduced episodes, characters, themes, and only locally included births, lives, deaths, and other events.
72 Though he did not express it in this way, Einstein introduced to human thinking the Dark Ages—dispelling concept of an omninonsimultaneous, eternally regenerative, only overlappingly episoded scenario Universe with all its concomitant, only locally occurring beginnings and endings.
73 This concept altogether superseded the Dark Ages concepts of Newtonian and classical science: single-frame, instantaneous, exclusively three-dimensionally structured, everywhere-the-same-time.
74 Finite and infinite were commonly accepted phenomena in the Dark Ages view of reality. Einstein eliminated the perception introduced by Euclid and perpetuated by Newton that an infinity of straight lines or perfectly flat planes could possibly exist. Einstein brought to the scene a new way of thinking about the experimentally derived scientific information of the existence of the Brownian movement and the discovery of the photon and blackbody radiation. He saw the Universe as an aggregate, finite but nonsimultaneously (nonunitarily) witnessable.
75 With vision obscured by the Dark Ages fog, we would, with little hesitation, proclaim, ‘‘All that is simultaneously conceptual is finite; that which is not is infinite.’’ Einstein taught us to think (1) finite but nonunitarily conceptual, and (2) unitarily conceptual and definable. Universe is a nonsimultaneous and everywhere-always-closing-back-on-itself system of lesser systems of complexedly overlapping or interweaving episodes.
76 Each episode has its own finite beginnings and endings similar to nonsimultaneously intertwined, separate hemp fibers progressively twisted together into threads, the individually beginning and ending threads twisted into strands, and those individually beginning and ending strands twisted together into rope, whose individual beginning durations of existence and endings overlap the existence of myriads of other individually beginning, enduring, and ending ropes, which complex of individuals eventually and nonsimultaneously separate and disintegrate into dust, topsoil, atoms, molecules, stars, whose sidereal radiation is photosynthetically integrated biologically to nonsimultaneously produce, for instance, hemp fibers to be harvested and twisted again into threads, and so on.
77 Nothing is lost. This principle is the driving force of eternally regenerative scenario Universe and shall outlast the Dark Ages and any future misconceived episodes, however and by whomever wrought.