Chapter 1
EARTH, INC.
2EARTH, INC?
3 Synopsis and Preface
4 This chart portrays the net physical wealth accomplishments of man’s civilized history.
5 Speaking figuratively, this chart is man’s cosmic report card for his enrollment as a freshman in the One World University. In this figurative sense, it may be verified easily at the Pearly Gates, for the checklist includes only universal and infinite, principles for grading reference. This report abandons reference to man’s successes within the framework of his self-invented systems---of required performance in Earth Incorporated. In Earth, Inc., the laws, superstitions and values may be altered and relabeled by man himself and may not be at all acceptable to St. Peter, who can scarcely keep up with the daily shifts of expediency in the playing rules. This cosmic report card records man’s degree of discovery and mastery of the unlabeled universal phenomena which are everywhere potential to his command if he is wise enough to apprehend their finite existence and comprehend their infinite significance. The physical significance is that these unlabeled potentials pay
6 * Originally published by the Fuller Research Foundation, New York, 1947. This item should be read in conjunction with the chart entitled ‘‘Profile of the Industrial Revolution.’’ Original chart of 1943 corrected to 1970 in 1972. off, by increasing the universal and absolute degree of humanity’s advantage over circumstance and fate, rather than by rearranging the local and relative survival circumstances of individuals. Thus St. Peter may (as, for that matter, so may we) mark man’s performance paper against a specific schedule of irrefutable and measurable opportunities.
7 The report card covers a period of 700 years, from A.D. 1250 to 1970. It commences at 1250 because in that year man consciously isolated a chemical element. This was the first time in those annals of total history now available to man that he had made such a discovery and accomplished elemental separation from contiguous elements. He did not phrase it that way at the time, but that is what he actually accomplished.
8 Man had already, at some prehistoric time, accomplished the selective use (if not the isolation) of nine out of the full family of ninety-two chemical elements, viz., iron, lead, carbon, tin, silver, mercury, gold, sulphur and copper. The newly isolated element, arsenic, made the tenth unique ‘‘substance’’ to be placed at his free-designing disposal. Modem chemistry had not yet developed, and the discovery of ‘‘arsenic’’ was probably an accident of an alchemist’s trick.
9 The year 1250 was also the approximate beginning of modem mathematics, which were self-startered out of the introduction into Mediterranean civilization at that time of the cypher (brought from the East by the Arabs). The cypher made possible the positioning of numbers and thereby all modem ‘‘cyphering,’’ as ‘‘calculation’’ in general became known. As a result of the calculating facility, the conceptions and assumptions of scientists in general could be translated from a mystical belief to demonstrable and usable reality.
10 Since that first ‘‘isolation’’ by an alchemist in pre-modem chemistry days, all the rest of the ninety-two chemical elements have been discovered. The chart records the years of those isolations.
11 Culmination of this set of events put man in command of the complete inventory of building components with which the universe is structured.
12 This historical portrait has not been painted before. It has not even been familiar to the scientist1 (he has been preoccupied with the deeds themselves), so it is not surprising that the historical portrait has not been familiar to the layman. Man’s notions of history are identified with a different set of events---the names and places of those persons and events whose political fate (or public relations experts) put them most prominently upon traditional records.
13 A few of these traditionally documented events have been included in the portrait painted by this chart. They have been included in order to fit the popular picture of history together with this chronological curve of fundamental history. For the identification we have selected those moments when humans could demonstrate their relatively high command over major difficulties of environment by achieving ever-accelerating, world-around travel: first in wooden sailing ships circa 1520, taking two years; second in steel steamships, 1880, taking two months; third in aluminum airplanes, 1945, taking two days; and fourth rocketed in exotic alloy capsules, 1960, taking two hours. How comparatively recent these events of man’s space and time mastery are and how relatively short-lived was the supremacy of each as a planetary girdler!
14 It is to be noted how late, relative to the timetable of arrival of the chemical elements, did the commercial production of steel occur, and that this production came only as a result of iThe writer presented this chart for inspection at a luncheon of leading scientists at the Cosmos Club in Washington, D.C., in 1943, and they expressed their unanimous surprise at the picture.
15 the multi-alloying of the previously isolated chemical elements. The industrial era was built then not on the coming of steel, but on the isolating and harnessing of the elements of which steel was comprised---atoms that compound so densely in dynamic orbiting as to appear superficially ‘‘solid.’’ It is the dynamic orbiting of the atoms which provides the special and advantageous behavior characteristics whose high tensile cohesiveness we identify as steel.
16 It is also to be noted how sequitur to these primary and secondary events of chemical isolation and subsequent admixture are the development of radio and automobile and all those other highly complex technical facilities with whose advent we usually identify the inception of our modem industrial world.
17 The Chart as an Instrument of Prognostication
18 Away from home, on sea or in the sky, the individual has insured his security of tomorrow by the science of navigation. The ability to locate the position of one’s ship or airplane on the map is the first function of navigation. Navigation then goes on to plot a corrected position and a new course from the discovered location to the next geographical objective. It is obvious that the fate of ships and planes is based upon employment of these simple principles of observational location and mathematical forecasting. Essential to navigation away from home is the cosmic frame of reference---celestial navigation---which fixes position for and upon Earth, Inc., by reference to Earth’s gyrations in the big-league playing field dominated by the Sun and other stars.
19 In domestic affairs, however, man has not been prone to regard his private and his social and economic activities as necessitous of employing precise navigational principles---certainly not the ‘‘cosmic’’ principles. He isn’t ‘‘going’’ anywhere at home. True, he has budgeted his income, which might be considered, poetically speaking, as ‘‘navigation’’ from a known position to a desired objective. True, he does schedule his daily domestic course of affairs by the pre-Copemican ‘‘rising’’ and ‘‘setting’’ of the sun. However, geographically and socially speaking, he assumes that when at home he knows precisely where he is. ‘‘Fixing man’s position in history might be interesting to the anthropologist or other professors, but not to me,’’ he says. ‘‘I’m in a hurry to go nowhere---have to run along now to the ball game.’’
20 In social navigation the first phase, i.e. getting a fix, might be said to be provided by history, but history is pretty well packaged in the popular mind as a romantic and unreal appendage of the limited sensation of ‘‘here and now.’’
21 As for the second phase of navigation, forecasts are also pretty well packaged in the popular mind. They are packaged even less attractively than history---as the questionable trickery of soothsayers, fanatics and comic-strip artists. Of course, the children look forward to growing up in the ‘‘here and now’’---to long pants, to beaux, to going to college, getting married, having a home of their own, etc., but these are all extensions of exploitation of sensational ‘‘self.’’
22 Thus egotistically preoccupied, it is a matter only of days before wars that people come suddenly to realization of a great active and seemingly inevitable disruption of the ‘‘here and now’’---disruptions as final as they are cataclysmic. They were unforeseen because the affairs of man on Earth were not viewed as pursuing an active and scientifically predictable course.
23 These are generalizations and they apply primarily to the home events of everyday life. Of course we recognize that the most sincere and honored among men prognosticate---as, for instance, most precisely in celestial events, viz., the return of comets in seventy years and the precession of the Earth in millennium cycles. Meteorological experts ever more promptly, accurately and comprehensively appraise world-wide phenomena, forecasting weather for days and even weeks with increasing and well-deserved popular credit of their science and art. In view of these commonplaces of prediction regarding enormous cosmic behavior, it is amazing that man is amazed at his very much less amazing success with directed missiles, both rocket and hurled variety. As minuscule cosmic entities, they are governed by the identical factors that govern the planetary motions. All that man had to do to accomplish this meager success was to set earnestly to measurement of the behavior of the cosmic forces which integrate to describe the trajectories or paths, and thereby to value the relevant factors together in desirable proportions.
24 The only truly amazing fact is that man’s intellectual inertia is such as to frustrate him in attacking the problem of selfnavigation due to the impressiveness of his bewilderment by the immediate complexity of self, a complexity far less bewildering than that of the Sun’s behavior, which behavior he coolly observes and measures in his scientific establishments and yet holds in such popular disdain in his ‘‘realistic’’ affairs.
25 In the realm of men’s economic and social affairs, it is almost to no avail that statisticians present close-up diagrams of the rising and falling of costs, prices, employment and all manner of special relationships under special conditions and leave it to the reader to predict for himself. Man distrusts these data, knowing that they incorporate too many man-invented factors. On the other hand, attempting to exploit popular credit of celestial prediction, some economists foretell ‘‘market’’ behavior by correlation of panics with sun spots--- but only as convincingly, however, as the ancient wizards, for the phenomena are as scientifically remote as is the delirium within the alcoholic ward on New York’s East River from the rising and falling of the ocean’s tides within that strait.
26 Scientific factoring of man’s affairs by military and economic strategists of sovereign empires has probably, and long since, evolved secret projections of world affairs with considerable skill. Rarely, however, is this form of scientific prognostication submitted to popular democratic consideration. Seemingly, most statecraftsmen have hitherto assumed that shaping of future events hinged upon power balances and advantages to be gained only by secret strategy and surprise actions. In the operational theory of absolute monarchies, or proletarian dictatorships, such time schedules of action in realization of world empire ambitions must obviously remain secret. In the theory of democracy, however, the time schedules and strategic arguments therefore must be arrived at openly, by published data and broadcast debate.
27 A cosmic reference chart is obviously necessary for realistic development of popular navigation abilities along the course of economic and social evolution.
28 Despite many ingenious attempts, there is as yet no comprehensive and absolute historical yardstick-chart maintained by popular credit and volition for everyday reference of events (in a manner similar to popular reference to globes and calendars) and upon which the course of man’s development may be plotted, and along which the exact location of his growth at any given time may be identified. If realized, such a chart would reveal a curve of performance events which document incontrovertibly the present fix on overall course, leading from the remote past to the remote future. The course must thereafter be subject to progressive correction by an objective test which measures the effectiveness of discipline of man’s acts by admonitions of his intellect.
29 Popular today are certain charts which record successive military and political events of history and the prevalent legends regarding man’s doings of the past. But these are not convincing. People are familiar with the myriad of inaccuracies perverting the popular account of their own day. They know how frequently the daily news identifies inadequately or inaccurately the true causes of events. People therefore reason that history must perforce have amplified these myriad errors of daily record. It becomes reasonable popular speculation that history must be characterized by explanatory legends importantly remote from true facts of cause, effect and personnel. Therefore, it must become popular conviction that the charts of historical reference to popularized items are often romantic fiction.
30 That there is an insatiable popular desire for an overall historical perspective is well documented by the enormous and continuing sale of Bibles, World Almanacs, encyclopedias, and works such as H. G. Wells’s Outline of History. That the popular desire for true historical perspective has never been cogently satisfied is explained by the fact that the ability to comprehend the events of history even by science has been precluded hitherto through inadequacy of relevant data.
31 As a result, we have coddled our ‘‘realists’ ’’ retention of the thought habit of Earth as the immovable center of the Universe. We have coddled the scientifically untenable concepts of matter as static ‘‘things.’’ We speak of the chemical elements as materials. We think of ‘‘metals’’ as static absolutes rather than as subvisible dynamic systems. We have vacillated in adjusting our practical thinking to synchronization with the infinite motion of systematic processes of the all-dynamic Universe in which we must survive. The viewpoint of scholastic administration and lay intelligence has alike been static despite its dynamic intentions and promises.
32 In the great fundamental change that has come about in the academic world within the last generation, man has come to realize and teach, with a sense of increasing expediency, that his Universe is entirely and ceaselessly in motion, i.e., that all is in motion, submicroscopically or superoptically, if not visibly to the naked eye. A sense of reality of this has been brought home to the individual in his own constantly increasing motion and scope of geographical concern. This sense of urgency and increasing realization on the part of the individual has finally come home, so to speak, through accomplishment of atomic fission and planetary rockets. Popular science magazines are trying to tell the individual that Mr. Einstein’s startling and esoteric theories of a quarter of a century ago are now every man’s concern, but few men as yet comprehend the how and why of that fact.
33 However, this can be said of Mr. Einstein to the average individual; that he predicated all his calculations on a far more satisfactory absolute than that employed, for instance, by the federal banking system. The banking system secured its funds by the ‘‘conservative’’ assumption that the Earth and its land is a static and absolute affair and that the tie-down of man to certain limited portions of that land is a certain and highly predictable matter, and that risks predicated on that association could be taken over a period of ten, twenty, and even one hundred years.
34 Mr. Einstein found that such static assumptions were unsatisfactory and anything but conservative in the development of celestial observations and calculations. He needed an absolute measurement to which he could relate all other measurements of an energized and motion-full Universe. He therefore chose speed as an absolute, the completely unfettered speed of the energy omnidirectionally radiant in a vacuum, which rate of radiant wave growth, c2, had been verified by science’s measurement of radiation as visible daylight, infra-red radiation, ultra-violet radiation, and the radiation of radio, all of which had been discovered to have apparently the same speed. Einstein’s absolute of cosmic behavior reference is then one of energy articulated as omnidirectionally radiant speed, whereas the absolute norm of our present economic accounting is one of absolute rest, absolute static, death, real property, earth-to- earth, mort-gage, the measure-of-death, ‘‘man is designed to be a failure,’’ must prove himself an exception, must ‘‘earn his living.’’ We misconstrue to be ‘‘at rest’’ the land and many objects of our local scenery which are spinning coincidentally at hundreds of miles an hour around our mutual planetary axis as simultaneously our sceneried planet and its Moon coorbit the Sun at sixty thousand miles an hour, as all the while our star Sun’s system and the billion other star systems of our Galaxy co-merry-go-rounding at a peripheral speed of one million miles an hour, all of which is the antithesis of ‘‘at rest.’’ The inexorable workings of evolution must constantly reinterposition and transform all the only momentarily coincident relationships, which like the hands of the clock seem illusion- arily to be in ‘‘natural repose.’’ If the electromagnetic absolute does not supersede the static norm in popular economics, there soon may be no live humans aboard our tiny planet Earth. All the physical organisms accommodating the mysterious weightless phenomenon life aboard planet Earth are metabolically regenerated only by star energy radioed to us. Cosmic life support is not operated cash on delivery.
35 Implicit in Mr. Einstein’s successful adoption for celestial science of a comprehensive yardstick of absolute speed is an absolute norm of economic success predicated upon man’s historical growth from a past of infinite ignorance of Universe toward a future of infinite knowledge founded quite simply upon the quick realities rather than upon the dead superstitions. This involves measurement of man’s transition from his ignorant fixation upon a limited and static association with a little ‘‘flat’’ spot of Earth to his progressive awareness, measurement, and mastery not only of the ocean’s and atmosphere’s simple and slow motions about the surface of the Earth, but to man’s increasing speed relationships to the geography not only of his Earth but to the geography of his technical knowledge.
36 Although man has as yet employed only minor areas of absolute speed his trend is toward ever increasing mastery of the affairs of energy as absolute speed or, as the latter is interpolated by the Einstein precedent, into relative potential energy shuntings.
37 Reviewing then: such a curve (to be employed for politico- economic navigation) would identify any point in man’s affairs upon the accelerating curve of transition from the limbo of absolute ignorance of Universe toward (and only toward) absolute knowledge and metaphysical mastery of the physical Universe identified by Einstein as absolute energy---‘‘E.’’
38 With no misconceptions as to its present shortcomings and its ultimate discard by virtue of a more precise development, the chart which is the subject of this discourse has been developed to take advantage of the assumption that man’s present affairs might not only be identified in the great overall history, but a reasonably successful navigational course might be set by which he could progress from the present ‘‘fix’’ of politico-economic position to a position synchronized with the forecast ‘‘fix’’ of tomorrow along the great circle course of transition from absolute ignorance to absolute technical knowledge. Such navigation would not presume to say that man could arbitrarily detour and take a position somewhere ‘‘off’’ the great overall course of history. Such navigation could, however, arrange for man to arrive at tomorrow’s fix without the characteristic catastrophes of his past history, as hitherto caused by his ignorance of the inevitability of his arrival at tomorrow’s predeterminable technical position.
39 Tiny as man is, he rarely has the opportunity to identify his measurable stature in history. However, a degree of such awareness is central to the sensations he receives when, for instance, viewing the Grand Canyon for the first time, he looks one mile down and one hundred miles across to the next mountain and sees at once the still-continuing work of millions of years carved by the live river glinting far below.
40 Inspection of this chart and prospect of this significance can be resolved to a picture of mankind standing on a little sandy strand beside the course of a turbulent river at the bottom of a great canyon. The waters are rising and are certain to rise constantly, eventually to eliminate the tiny strand upon which man had historically existed, a ‘‘complete’’ history of insignificant duration relative to celestial history. It is therefore not a question of whether man chooses to draw pictures in the sand or to dream of building sand houses---it is a question of how he is to stay afloat, if at all, on the roaring stream which will soon seize him in its coursing and how he may possibly attain not only dynamic equilibrium but even---and not unthinkably---a satisfactory life afloat on that course, or upon the seas to which it eventually flows.
41 The subject chart has been designed to provide some such sensation in man, to provide a positive rather than a negative viewpoint Rather than being calculated to create a sense of helplessness in the individual, the chart is designed to give him at once a sense of the absolute, irrevocable course of man secured by the phenomenon intellect itself, as separated out from all the minor digressions of man’s romantic and inert proclivities. To do this it develops a chronological sequence of events which represent the progressive emergence within the conscious intellect of the absolute principles of nature. The absolute principles may be defined as those measured and logged discoveries of the ceaselessly inquiring intellect into the infinite behavior characteristics of the Universe---the behavior that always was and always will be.
42 By technical marriage of two or more absolute behavior characteristics man can produce information effects of special advantage at special moments in history---these special effects we call invention. By charting only the special set of absolute principles which comprise this chart and keying that history of dynamic principles to a few events which man has hitherto considered of eminence, the new perspective upon this great curve of transition from absolute ignorance of deathly rest to absolute knowledge of all-quick life, the degree of humanity’s self-validation and relative mastery of his ever swifter synchronization with the absolutely swift course may be attained.
43 Significance in the Rate of Man’s Acquisition
of the 92 Element Controls
44 Technology represents philosophy resolved to the most cogent argument …If man did this, such would result. In technology man is empowered to explore and develop his own ‘‘if’ without reference to the limiting response of other preoccupied egos. Through technology alone the creative individual can of free will arrange for the continuing preservation of mankind despite individual man’s self-frustrating propensities. Mechanisms are the antithesis of the Frankenstein concept. They represent the direct and only means of articulation of free will. Mechanisms can only be operated by man.
45 The ultimate economic emancipation of man, potential in the principles of technology, was envisioned by Leonardo da Vinci, who demonstrated to his feudal patron many an augmentation of man’s innate faculties of perception, articulation and muscle power. But despite the purity of the principles employed, the augmentations were of low magnitude. This was due to the relative impurity of the materials and energy control technics as yet established in the historical environment in which Leonardo’s tangible life occurred. The degree of ineffectuality in that technical environment may be read on the chart in terms of the limited number of elements then recognized, isolated and controlled---only eleven out of ninety-two.
46 Broad realization of the benefits of elective mechanical extension by individuals of the whole human family had to wait upon the discovery, separation, isolation, behavior measurement and resulting technical control of the complete family of ninety-two chemical elements.
47 That this attainment in 1932 is epochal can be appreciated only when it is clearly understood that for reasons of mathematical and physical principle, there can be only ninety-two elementary atoms, or unique and independent, as well as dynamically symmetrical, nuclear systems in the geometry of the Universe. The ninety-two elements constitute a finite system, in the same way that a circle constitutes a finite system in contradistinction to a line, whose ends are randomly infinite. The entire behavior ‘‘stuff’’ of our physical Universe is comprised only of these ninety-two regenerative elementary systems or parts or compounds or derivatives thereof.
48 These ‘‘elements’’ must always be thought of kinetically---as a ninety-two-ring circus so to speak, in which the performance is so microscopically interwoven as to provide not even standing room and therefore to present an optical illusion of solidarity or homogeneity, which is carelessly interpreted as a static ‘‘thing.’’
49 All in physical Universe is represented by some arrangement, or temporary derangement, of the unique primary behavior roles of the elemental circuses. Figuratively speaking, the new super atoms, those numbered above ninety-two, viz., neptunium, plutonium, curium and americium, are split-second twist-openings of negative Universe.
50 The ninety-two basic elements represent the full array of simple principles by which energy may impound itself (by angular refraction) like a self-rolling-up ball of string. The new radioactive super atoms may be likened to swiftly unwinding asymmetrical balls. And the radioactive isotopes of the ninety-two basic elements are also in behavior like raveled balls which must be unwound for symmetric rewinding.
51 If man is to demonstrate any important control of his Universe by his own free will, then all the fundamental behavior phenomena of his dynamic Universe, as demonstrated in the ninety-two primary team plays, must be involved directly or indirectly in the process. To progressively control the Universe, humanity must of necessity first master the behavior of all its parts. Therefore, each and all the principles of energy behavior demonstrated in the atomic system, or as multiplied astronomically in the heavenly systems, will eventually be employed by the intellect in developing the structures, instruments, tools, engines and networks adequate to cope with the magnitudes of heat and stress of this universally available energy with which he will be progressively furnished.
52 Man’s mastery of the energy Universe will be evidenced as progressive conversion of seeming chaos of the total environment into progressively greater ranges of predictable control of his affairs, both time- and space-wise. In this conversion history, 1932 is outstanding. Hiroshima, Bikini and controlled interplanetary vehicles are but bubbles arising in the early wake of this enormous 1932 event of inventory completion, signaling phase two in the great cosmic experiment of intellect articulate in man.
53 Translating from the principles of nuclear dynamics of the ninety-two elements into economic terms, this progressive mastery will be realized economically by man as a delimiting of the expression of his common wealth, potential or actual Lasting weal can only be common and common wealth may be defined as the industrially organized ability to project certain and constantly improving standards of survival and moral behavior by the multiplying many without deprivation of any.
54 However, as we exist here in what we mystically identify as 1947 in the calendar of all-time history, man continues his preoccupation with economic tactics now obsoleted by science. These tactics are predicated upon centuries of fear-generated tradition. The traditions were slowly inoculated by perennial disasters accruing to natural scarcities of the involuntary geographical isolations of premechanized society.
55 These fixations upon the non-industrialized past blind man’s reasoning faculties to the truth, that the greatest revolution in history has been accomplished, and that it is physically practical this minute for the first time in history for men to set themselves methodically to the task of unlimited production for all without invoking a further day of fundamental negative reckoning.
56 This is because the real costs have been discharged in advance through enormous investments of time, discipline and integrity by the pioneers of intellect. It will take a bit of mental digging by society and a whole lot more disaster to unearth this fact, but that it is fact is precisely what the chart says.
57 Such a thought would have been preposterous in the days of Columbus or Newton; nonsense in Lincoln’s day or even in Wilson’s. But as the chart shows, it became true in 1932 with the ninety-second elemental isolation. This last basic isolation coincides with the greatest historical revolution in academic thought. As Irving Langmuir stated, ‘‘It was in 1932 that the formal body of science throughout the world acknowledged the concept of universal physical motion.’’ Politically this intellectual revolution coincided with the end of President Hoover’s U.S.A, administration. He and the successor political adminis- trators have been tossed as by an earthquake with no traditional precedent evidenced to guide them in the upheaval. Pre- 1932 political and economical precedent is now as useless as a book of etiquette in an atomic bomb explosion.
58 It will take decades to develop popular awareness and political action resulting upon the insistent truth of this revolution. It will take centuries to pull out the last stump roots of fear.
59 Preventative Pathology
60 Distinction Between Events of Pure Science and Technical Invention; War Unnecessary to Progress
61 Despite theoretical knowledge and popular purchase of world globes, ‘‘practical’’ world thought as yet ‘‘sees’’ a flat earth extending motionless about the individual and the ‘‘world’’ standing still in the center of the Universe. Its Sun continues to rise and set. But the horizons of the egocentricity which formerly insulated the maintenance of this erroneous ‘‘practicality’’ are fast vanishing.
62 The old horizons are evaporating in the light of enormous events of energy articulation, now thought of mostly as embodied in an ominous future or a recent meddling by science. But in fact the events were wholly developed in the past. The real past, as depicted by the chart, was hitherto invisible to the egocentric preoccupations with the ‘‘practical’’ fictions of civilization. Now the fear preoccupation is epitomized in shuddering fascination with the atomic weapon.
63 The chart of element conquest was devised to accelerate popular awareness of the possibly hopeful significance of the crisis in history now confronting man. Though it attempts to encompass a cogent degree of completeness in the aspects of this truth, while maintaining a comic-strip lucidity, it fails in this respect if the words are not read. Few will take the precious time to read; therefore, it can only hope to offer important reward to the diligent student. However, he may relay his personal conviction of the inherent significance of the crisis to larger numbers of students.
64 The chart provides a hindsight perspective of the epochal abruptness in the rate of civilizations’ measured acquisition of technical knowledge concerning the comprehensive inventory of cosmic absolutes.
65 It seems to demonstrate that periods of industrial activity in technical syntheses of principles, data, free energy and energy as ‘‘matter,’’ find highest employment by the fear-amassed credits of warfare. Therefore the assumption approaches fact that war promotes the major technical advances of civilization. Funded by unprecedented war credits, industrial technology brings into popular use and ways of thought the relative advances in control over universal units of time, space, weight, mass and energy. What has not been clear is that the potential of this emergency-borntechnology has always accrued to human’s prewar individual initiatives taken in a humble but irrepressible progression of assumptions, measurements, deductions, and codifications of pure science.
66 More broadly stated, warfare itself represents man’s postponed, unplanned and violent readjustment of the economic balance sheet to include the cumulative augmentation of his relative mastery of the physical Universe irrevocably established to his credit by the phenomenon intellect, through the interim activities of pure science.
67 Technological gain is then sequitur to war, but war in turn is sequitur to the events of pure science, which reshuffle the aces of war-power making and inspire the ‘‘outs’’ to rechallenge the ‘‘ins.’’
68 Inventions are extemporaneous. They represent trial balances of immediate resource and principle drawn off in the light of shifting needs. Inventions are always imperfect and always become obsolete or may never be realized. Unlike inventions, pure science events are absolute and irrevocable.
69 Pure science events represent openings of windows through the wall of ignorance and fiction, to reveal the only reality--- the behavior of the naked Universe that always was, is, and will be. True it is that the first glimpses may be hazy and imperfect, but the behavior itself is absolute and is progressively clarified. Therefore, this comprehensive curve of the chronological rate of acquisition of knowledge concerning the pure science absolutes, separated out from all other events of history, may be inspected as the basic means of prediction of inherent technical and social events---immediate or somewhat distant.
70 The absolute quality of these causal events of pure science precludes their nonsensical exploitation. Their usefulness to man cannot be inaugurated by downward adjustment of their unlimited advantages. They cannot be fitted directly into the minutely circumscribed traditional life of the individual.
71 Their inherent benefit can be acquired by man only through direct world-wide referendum. By such referendum the world must adopt a fearlessly willed, new overall objective of civilization. Irrespective of how such a referendum is to take place, this new objective must embody a universal conviction superior to that now held supreme by all political creeds of the world. Ultimate war is as yet the supreme assumption to which all political policy and subsidy-making are ignorantly referenced. Ultimate war paces all politically or possessively biased exploitation of technology.
72 War represents the uniformed hospital and operating room phase of an only remedial pathology in treatment of man’s affairs. In this inherited scheme of life, science and technology are invoked directly by society only at the eleventh hour to arrest the malady fostered by laissez faire, ignorance, opinion, shortsightedness, prejudice and egocentricity. Formally declared war is the final spectacular and open chapter following the prolonged and far more sanguinary private and non-spec- tacular chapters of strife accomplished under guise of ‘‘Peace.’’
73 A universal conviction obviously superior to that of inevitable war would be one which assumes as mandatory a preventative pathology in treating with all of man’s affairs. Ipso facto this is a technical rather than a political scheme. Therefore the referendum cannot be initiated by politics. Political referendums have become negative referendums in which the lesser antipathy is registered. However, our industrial consumer referendum, which is proposed here, can and will be ultimately recognized and incorporated by politics as mandatory. Initiation of the referendum can be accomplished only by the inauguration of a transcendental world-girdling service industry.
74 Spontaneous Mass Use: The Absolute Economic Referendum
75 Patronage of service industry by world peoples will constitute a spontaneous and fundamental referendum. People, however, cannot demonstrate their preference without progressive competitive submissions. New industry can only be initi- ated by free will. While empirical science works equally well under private or public subsidy, new industry is the pure product of free initiative, imagination and personal risk of the individual, or small groups of individuals, in tendering new service to the industrial referendum.
76 The transcendental and world-girdling industry which will provide the spontaneous referendum of concurrent popular employment and patronage will belittle all earlier phases of industry and politics. The new universal preoccupation will provide endless employment and wealth of security by mass producing and world distributing geographically unlimited scientific living facilities and their concomitant ever improving services. This transcendental industry will embody direct and comprehensive application to man’s personal needs and delights of the gamut of technical advantages already accrued and yet accruing to the tireless intellect.
77 Initiation of such a transcendental industry motivated the concept of mass production of scientifically prototyped houses. This industry is today the number one responsibility of free enterprise. It will ultimately justify individual enterprise to a world which eyes socialism as its panacea. Only individual enterprise risk can convert scarcity to socializable plenty.
78 What is predicted here as implicit to the real history demonstrated by the chart is: transition by world society from an overall remedial to a preventative pathology. This is to be accomplished by the self-discipline of individuals through successive gains, first in science; second, in pioneering enterprise; third, in technology; and fourth, in industrial servicing. And the productive results of this evolution of initiative will finally be acknowledged as popularly self-evident and codified as politically desirable and socializable, but only after the fact of individual enterprise.
79 1250 A.D. 1290 1330 1370 1410 1450
80 1490
81 1530
82 1570
83 1610 1£H
84 SAILING SHIP
87 EARTH ORBIT IN MAN MADE ENVIRONMENT CONTROLPRODUCT OF SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE PER UNIT OF INVESTED RESOURCES
88 PROFILE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AS
89 EXPOSED BY THE CHRONOLOGICAL RATE OF
90 ACQUISITION OF THE BASIC INVENTORY OF COSMIC ABSOLUTES---THE 92 ELEMENTS
92939 ELEMENTS wore acquired by civilization prior to his* toric record of the events, probably In Asia millenniums ago.
94 11 ANTIMONY #51 *Sb Gorman
95 APPROXIMATE CUMULATE
96 150
97 1250 AO. 1230 1330 1370 1410 1460 1430 1530 1570 1610 16»
98 1970
99 1690
100 STEAMSHIP
101 2010 A. D,
102 103* LAWRENCIUM #103 Lw U-SX
103 102’ NOBELIUM #102 No Eng., SwrxL, UAA.
104 101* MENDELEVIUM #101 Md U.SJL
105 1OO« FERMIUM #100 Fm U.SJL 199’ EINSTEINIUM #99 Es U.SJL 98* CALIFORNIUM #98 Cf U.SJL 97* BERKELIUM #97 Bk U^A. …
106 AIRPLANE
107 3
108 Technical acquisition by sclonco of 92 atomic moments is completed. 1932 and super atomics commence.
10911085- PROTACTINIUM 85 LUTETIUM #71 Lu Fr. 84* RADON #86 Rn Gr. 83* ACTINIUM #89 Ao Fr. 82* POLONIUM #84 Po Fr. 81« RADIUM #88 Ra Fr.
11180 XEON #54 Xo Scot, Eng.
11279 KRYPTON #36 Kr Scot, Ertf 78 NEON #10 No Scot, Eng.
11377 EUROPIUM #63 Eu Fr. 6 HELIUM #2 Ho Scottish 75 ARGON #18 A Eng-Scot 4 GERMANIUM #32 Go German 73 DYSPROSIUM #66 Dy French 2 NEODYMIUM #60 Nd Austrian 71 PRASEODYMIUM #59 Pr Austrian 70 GADOLINIUM #64 Gd Swiss 69 SAMARIUM #62 Sm French 68 HOLMIUM #67 Ho Swedish 67 SCANDIUM #21 So Swedish 66 THUUUM #59 Tm Swedish 65 YTTERBIUM #70 Yb Swiss
11464 GALLIUM #31 Ge French INDIUM #49 In German THALLIUM #81 71 British RUBIDIUM #37 Rb Gorman IESIUM #55 Cs Garman IN I UM #44 Ru Russian
115 8 ERBIUM #68 Er Swedish
116 57 TERBIUM #65 Tb Swedish 6 LANTHANIUM #57 La Swedish 55 VANADIUM #23 V Swedish 54 THORIUM #90 Th Swedish 53 BROMINE #35 Br French 52 ALUMINUM #13 At Danish 51 SILICON #14 SI 0 SELENIUM #34 S( 49- CADMIUM 48 LITHIUM
117 IODINE #53 I French BORON #5 B French BARIUM #56 Ba English STRONTIUM #38 Sr English CALCIUM #20 Ca English POTASSIUM #19 K English SODIUM #11 Na English MAGNESIUM #12 Mg English IRIDIUM #77 Ir English
118 OSMIUM #76 Os English PALLADIUM #46 Rd English RHODIUM #45 Rh Erwflsh
119 23
120 NOTE:
121 I Swedish =•»*» so Swedish #48 Cd German #3 LI Swedish
122 38
123 36 RHODIUM*’* ^iV^Rh’^EnRlfsh **
124 35 CERIUM #58 Ce Swedish
125 34 TANTALUM #73 Ta Swedish
12612733 COLUMBIUM #41 Cb English 2 CHROMIUM #24 Cr French
128 31 BERYLLIUM #4 Bo French
129 0 YTTRIUM' #39 Y Finnish 9 TITANIUM #22 T1 English 28 ZIRCONIUM #40 Zr German 27 URANIUM #92 U Gorman 26 TUNGSTEN #74 W Spanish 25 TELLURIUM #52 To Austrian 24 MOLYBDENUM #42 Mo Swedish .J MANGANESE #12 Mg Swedish 22 CHLORINE #17 Cl Swedish 21 OXYGEN #8 O English NITROGEN #7 N Scottish
130 20 ..
131 19 FLUORINE #9 F Swedish I HYDROGEN #1 H English 7 NICKEL #28 Nc Swedish i bismuth #83 Bl French - ZINC #30 Zn Gorman 14 PLATINUM #78 Pt Spanish 13 COBALT #27 Co Swedish 122 PHOSPHORUS #15 P Gorman
132 TTOTALOF KEY INVENTIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
133 450
134 1690 1730 1770 1810 1850
13513695* PROMETHIUM #51 Pm U.SJL Discovery dlsput 95* AMERICIUM #95 Am UAA. claims to 1914 94* CURIUM #96 Cm
137 93* PLUTONIUM #94 Pu U3A
138 92* NEPTUNIUM #93 Np U.SJL
139 91* ASTATINE #85 At U.SJL
140 90* FRANCIUM #87 Fr Fr.
141 B9» TECHNETIUM #43 To U.SJL RHENIUM #75 Ro Gr.
142 HAFNIUM #72 Hf Netherlands, Hung,
143 ROTACTINIUM #91 Pa Gr^AusL
144 I #uu ho r-r.
145 #54 Xo Scot, Eng.
IN #35 Kr Scot, E
146 Radioactive, No stablo Isotopes.
147 NUMBER BEFORE NAME OF ELEMENT INDICATES ORDER OF DISCOVERY. NUMBER FOLLOWING NAME IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER. LETTERS FOLLOWING ATOMIC NUMBER ARE THEIR SYMBOLS. NATIONALITY LISTING IS THAT OF DISCOVERER.
148 1350 10,000
149 1890 1930 1970
150 2010 A.D.
151 Copyright 1946 and 1954 by R. BUCKMINSTER FULLER
152 Profile of the Industrial Revolution, 1946 (subsequently up-dated)
154 Therefore this natural evolution of intellectual accomplishment for the many by the few is the antithesis of such reversegear schemes as Technocracy, which sought to establish an autocracy of engineers schematically similar to national socialism in aim. Technocracy sought to convert the engineer to the role of politician. But the engineer proved no more effective than the most ignorant and slothful in the ballot box game, and much too forthright by training to be a good politician. Superficially salable as an inviting scheme Technocracy failed as an ‘‘out’’ for society, primarily because the engineer must vacate his creative and causal function for a negative and restraining function.
155 With no intent to be dogmatic but for the purposes of hypothetical discussion, it is pointed out that by employing screen and radio, such a conviction of the superiority of preventative pathology could be quickly lighted in the human mind. Submission on the screen of a scientifically evolved timetable and schedule of priorities governing conversion of total physical environment would be heartening to the world. The program could easily demonstrate how it would provide an ever advancing universal standard of living. It could demonstrate satisfactory means of adjusting the individual to a world deployed, and to security attained by alert poise and ability to dodge disaster constructively. To be cogent to an eager public, it must be punctuated with periodic or milestone objectives, and means for intermittent readjustments to include progressively acquired data and principle.