2 Industrialization

4.1"The objective, exact synergetic re-integration into a comprehensive, common, regenerative advantage of man - of all the subjective, exactly differentiated energy behaviors discovered by all the individual explorations of all history’s exact scientists”.

4.2 In the brief historical review of man, attention was drawn to the way in which he has uniquely survived by his capacity to organize his experience of the local energy events of universe, and from this stored experience develop environmental tools for use in future contingencies. He survives by anticipatory planning. It was also indicated that the technical aids, or environment tools, evolved by early trial and error experience were inherently local cases, derived from local experience and limited access to the inequably distributed raw materials available in and around the earth. The evolution of these local tools into the fully industrialized comprehensive tools, now present in universal networks was differentiated out. As tool phenomena the latter are distinctly different from the early craft advantages. Industry requires cooperation - men working together on coordinated tool manipulations, producing work of a complex nature which could not be produced by any number of men working alone.

4.3 Industrialization at our present stage also implies the full availability of a developed science giving access to the inventory of all 92 elements necessary to the development of the requisite metallic alloys, and other materials, and the power sources required for their productive use and their assembly for such production. It is usually overlooked that the acceleration in technical progress does not simply amount to the fortuitous accretion of mechanical aids accruing to man’s invention of machines, but forms part of the general evolutionary pattern. This pattern, for man, may from this time, be predicated not wholly on natural selection or biological mutation but on his full access to the accumulation of his universal experience as more obviously now modifying his forward progress.

4.4 It is also evident that in the evolution of industrialized advantages the tool function itself has changed. Regarding the industrial tool as merely an extension of the hand tool, in the sense that the former only produces more, and more easily, is a gross over-simplification. The industrial tool develops regeneratively in diverse ways and even the term mass production related to its use requires some qualification. There is an early division into specialized tools for the production of particular end products, and into generalized tools which may be used to produce more tools on end products according to requirement. The ‘generalized’ machine tools themselves seldom get into mass production as the number needed rarely warrants this. In early phase industry the ‘complex unit’ was produced in quantity by assembly from available standard components produced by specialized tools. In real mass production terms the largest complex unit produced is of the scale and performance of the automobile. (The critical minimal ‘mass’ production rate of such units is an important

4.5 factor, for example, in considering the industrialized dwelling as either ‘assembled’ or ‘mass produced’ unit). Later industrial developments still favor assembly of large complex units but from ‘tailored’ components produced by generalized tools. With the introduction of automatic controls we may now combine automated general purpose machine tools with high production specialized tools, the whole operation comprehensively planned towards final assembly. In this latter phase, industrial plants become less specialized, and more flexibly adapted to changing production need without much expensive retooling. In relation to changes in technology itself, and expanding world need, this is a vital factor in planning the full utilization of industrial resources.

4.6 But a more complete review of certain aspects of industrialization, as given in our beginning definition, is required at this point. The industrial process inevitably trends towards universalization. The elements, unevenly distributed around the earth, which are essential to the process as total physical resource inventory of unique behaviour advantages, do involve a world around ‘materials’ assembly line. This requires a series of progressive extractions, separation outs and re-routings towards the various tool complex destinations. At the terminal point, having invested great energies and time in collection, separation and transportation, it is required that further refining be carried out, so that from the re-association of preferred performance characteristics the greatest amount of work/gain may be extracted. This process then is inherently biased towards higher and higher performance per lb. of material invested and circulating in the industrial network, and this ratio is constantly upped by attendant scientific and technological development.

4.7 Technology improves with every re-employment as gained experience is consolidated in increasing degrees of precision behaviour and dimensional data higher tensile strengths of new allowing and the longer wear characteristics of components as extended by metal fatigue studies, provide gains in performance over initial investment of material and thus a net increment of common wealth.

4.8 Aspects of this regenerative gain may be simply demonstrated by reference to certain of the charts given in further sections of this report - efficiencies in combustions, in tensile strengths of alloys, miles per auto tire, etc.

4.9 We have included in this section a schematic flow diagram of one part of the regenerative industrial cycle - in metals. When people refer to ‘resource depletion’ it is precisely such aspects of the industrial process which are overlooked. We may note from this diagram that materials are only ‘temporarily’ located in different forms for varying periods. One can easily imagine such a flow animated, so that we might be able to observe the successive phase transformations and re-association cycles of all the metals and minerals in our total inventory. Through this re-cycling, with no appreciable loss, it is again powerfully evident that our ‘created’ wealth, i.e., of the industrial processes re-generative capacity, is inexhaustible. ‘Resource depletion’ is an attitude carried over from earlier periods when locally sustained communities could actually view their visibly depleted fuel and food stocks. Its use as a criterion marks the cleavage between local and comprehensive thinking. One

4.10 Profile of the Industrial Revolution (Elements Inventory Chronology)

4.11 EARTH ORBIT IN MAN MADE ENVIRONMENT CONTROL: PRODUCT OF SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE PER UNIT OF INVESTED RESOURCES

4.12 PROFILE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AS EXPOSED BY THE CHRONOLOGICAL RATE OF ACQUISITION OF THE BASIC INVENTORY OF COSMIC ABSOLUTES—THE 92 ELEMENTS

4.13 1250 A.D. 1270 1290 1310 1330 1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610 1630 1650 1670 1690 1710 1730 1750 1770 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 A.D.

4.14 SAILING SHIP STEAMSHIP AIRPLANE ROCKET STEEL DYNAMO RADIO AUTOMOBILE FLIGHT ELECTRONICS TALKY

4.15 LEONARDO DA VINCI COLUMBUS COPERNICUS GALILEO BOYLE LAVOISIER WATT WASHINGTON AVOGADRO MENDELEEFF LINCOLN

4.16 ALGORISMA INTRODUCES CYPHER INTO EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION FROM ARABS, THUS PROVIDING SCIENCE WITH PRACTICAL CALCULATING FACILITY

4.17 TECHNICAL ACQUISITION BY SCIENCE OF 92 ATOMIC ELE- MENTS IS COMPLETED 1932 AND SUPER ATOMICS COMMENCE

4.18 Discovery disputed: claims to 1914

4.19 103* LAWRENCIUM #103 Lw U.S.A. 102* NOBELIUM #102 No Eng., Swed., U.S.A. 101* MENDELEVIUM #101 Md U.S.A. 100* FERMIUM #100 Fm U.S.A. 99* EINSTEINIUM #99 Es U.S.A. 98* CALIFORNIUM #98 Cf U.S.A. 97* BERKELIUM #97 Bk U.S.A. 96* PROMETHIUM #61 Pm U.S.A. 95* AMERICIUM #95 Am U.S.A. 94* CURIUM #96 Cm U.S.A. 93* PLUTONIUM #94 Pu U.S.A. 92* NEPTUNIUM #93 Np U.S.A. 91* ASTATINE #85 At U.S.A. 90* FRANCIUM #87 Fr Fr. 89* TECHNETIUM #43 Tc U.S.A. 88 RHENIUM #75 Re Gr. 87 HAFNIUM #72 Hf Netherlands, Hung. 86* PROTACTINIUM #91 Pa Gr., Aust. 85 LUTETIUM #71 Lu Fr. 84* RADON #86 Rn Gr. 83* ACTINIUM #89 Ac Fr. 82* POLONIUM #84 Po Fr. 81* RADIUM #88 Ra Fr. 80 XEON #54 Xe Scot., Eng. 79 KRYPTON #36 Kr Scot., Eng. 78 NEON #10 Ne Scot., Eng. 77 EUROPIUM #63 Eu Fr. 76 HELIUM #2 He Scottish 75 ARGON #18 A Eng-Scot 74 GERMANIUM #32 Ge German 73 DYSPROSIUM #66 Dy French 72 NEODYMIUM #60 Nd Austrian 71 PRASEODYMIUM #59 Pr Austrian 70 GADOLINIUM #64 Gd Swiss 69 SAMARIUM #62 Sm French 68 HOLMIUM #67 Ho Swedish 67 SCANDIUM #21 Sc Swedish 66 THULIUM #69 Tm Swedish 65 YTTERBIUM #70 Yb Swiss 64 GALLIUM #31 Ga French 63 INDIUM #49 In German 62 THALLIUM #81 Tl British 61 RUBIDIUM #37 Rb German 60 CESIUM #55 Cs German 59 RUTHENIUM #44 Ru Russian 58 ERBIUM #68 Er Swedish 57 TERBIUM #65 Tb Swedish 56 LANTHANUM #57 La Swedish 55 VANADIUM #23 V Swedish 54 THORIUM #90 Th Swedish 53 BROMINE #35 Br French 52 ALUMINUM #13 Al Danish 51 SILICON #14 Si Swedish 50 SELENIUM #34 Se Swedish 49 CADMIUM #48 Cd German 48 LITHIUM #3 Li Swedish 47 IODINE #53 I French 46 BORON #5 B French 45 BARIUM #56 Ba English 44 STRONTIUM #38 Sr English 43 CALCIUM #20 Ca English 42 POTASSIUM #19 K English 41 SODIUM #11 Na English 40 MAGNESIUM #12 Mg English 39 IRIDIUM #77 Ir English 38 OSMIUM #76 Os English 37 PALLADIUM #46 Rd English 36 RHODIUM #45 Rh English 35 CERIUM #58 Ce Swedish 34 TANTALUM #73 Ta Swedish 33 COLUMBIUM #41 Cb English 32 CHROMIUM #24 Cr French 31 BERYLLIUM #4 Be French 30 YTTRIUM #39 Y Finnish 29 TITANIUM #22 Ti English 28 ZIRCONIUM #40 Zr German 27 URANIUM #92 U German 26 TUNGSTEN #74 W Spanish 25 TELLURIUM #52 Te Austrian 24 MOLYBDENUM #42 Mo Swedish 23 MANGANESE #12 Mg Swedish 22 CHLORINE #17 Cl Swedish 21 OXYGEN #8 O English 20 NITROGEN #7 N Scottish 19 FLUORINE #9 F Swedish 18 HYDROGEN #1 H English 17 NICKEL #28 Nc Swedish 16 BISMUTH #83 Bi French 15 ZINC #30 Zn German 14 PLATINUM #78 Pt Spanish 13 COBALT #27 Co Swedish 12 PHOSPHORUS #15 P German 11 ANTIMONY #51 Sb German 10 ARSENIC #33 As (First recorded discovery) Bavarian

4.20 9 ELEMENTS WERE ACQUIRED BY CIVILIZATION PRIOR TO HISTORIC RECORD OF THE EVENTS, PROBABLY IN ASIA MILLENIUMS AGO

4.21 CARBON #6 C LEAD #82 Pb TIN #50 Sn MERCURY #80 Hg SILVER #47 Ag COPPER #29 Cu SULPHUR #16 S GOLD #79 Au IRON #26 Fe

4.22 * Radioactive, No stable isotopes

4.23 NOTE: NUMBER BEFORE NAME OF ELEMENT INDICATES ORDER OF DISCOVERY. NUMBER FOLLOWING NAME IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER. LETTERS FOLLOWING ATOMIC NUMBER ARE THEIR SYMBOL’S. NATIONALITY LISTING IS THAT OF DISCOVERER.

4.24 APPROXIMATE CUMULATIVE TOTAL OF KEY INVENTIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (markers: 150 450 1,450 10,000) 1250 A.D. 1270 1290 1310 1330 1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610 1630 1650 1670 1690 1710 1730 1750 1770 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 A.D.

4.26 PRIMARY USEFUL LIFE OF PRODUCTS

4.27 AVERAGES IN YEARS 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

4.28 washing machines & ironers

4.29 utensils & galvanized ware

4.30 hand power tools

4.31 automobiles

4.32 domestic & small commercial equipment

4.33 refrigerator equipment

4.34 construction equipment

4.35 air conditioning equipment

4.36 mining, quarrying, & lumbering

4.37 general purpose industrial equipment

4.38 metal working equipment

4.39 agricultural machinery

4.40 rail road equipment

4.41 ships

4.42 INDUSTRIAL REGENERATIVE CYCLE: METALS

4.43 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 YEARS

4.44 mined metals refined manufacturing new scrap old scrap

4.45 ships railroad equipment agricultural machinery metal working equipment general purpose industrial equipment mining, quarrying, & lumbering equipment air conditioning and ventilating equipment construction and related equipment refrigeration equipment other domestic and commercial equipment automobiles hand tools utensils and galvanized wire washing machines and ironers

4.46 Craft.

4.47 Metals now average 42 yrs. in building: weighted average - total refined metals recirculate every 22 yrs, with negligible loss.

4.48 COPPER : PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND SCRAP. Thousands of Long Tons 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 U.S. Primary Copper Production U.S. Old Scrap Copper Production

4.49 STEEL : PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND SCRAP. Millions of short tons 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 U.S. Steel Production U.S. Pig Iron Production Purchased Scrap Consumed