7 Geosocial Revolution

7   Geosocial Revolution

8.1Synopsis

8.2 A half century of subconsciously developing world revolution is now crossing the threshold into human consciousness and ultimate popular support. The heretofore subconscious world revolution may well become the conscious focus of effort of the International Cooperation Year.

8.3 The ICY-1965 itself has been indirectly occasioned by the subconsciously occurring techno-scientific revolution and its myriad of separate world around transformations of human ecology.

8.4 The unheralded human ecology transformations have developed only as in-advertent, unanticipated, interactions of individually undertaken uncoordinated inventions.

8.5 The independent, physical environment reforming inventions have integrated, figuratively speaking, as streamliningly divided, double-decked, banked and clover-leafed lifeways of human behaviours. These lifeways permit ever increasing numbers of humans to survive logically and sense-satisfyingly without mutually frustrating interferences.

8.6 There are two main classes of inventions,–those which increase and those which decrease the degrees of freedoms. Because men are born immobolized, there are few invention opportunities for his increased immobilization. These are prisons, traps, straight-jackets, handcuffs, and caskets. On the other hand, there are an infinity of opportunities to invent man’s increased mobilization–all the way up to the speed of light-186,000 mps. and in all directions. Means-of-increased-freedom inventing is irreversible.

8.7 Inventions occur when individuals, frustrated by circumstance, eschew negative blaming and undertake positive physical environment reforms rather than abstract human reforms. The latter depend precariously only upon moral, ethical and legal codes which are enforceable only by negative penalties.

8.8 The silent preoccupations of the artist-scientist, whose inventions subsequently permit mankind to realize his innate potentials, without interference with others, are in marked contrast to political behaviourisms. Political theories apparently assume that there is no alternative to the word, fist and bullet battles between opposing ideologies. Each ideology seeks to reform man. They scheme and labor to impose their respective viewpoints by omni-interfering political, moral, psychological persuasions, furtive corruptions, bullyings, or punishments.

8.9 Both professional and amateur spokesmen for society apparently assume that the political battles will persist until man annihilates himself. The only considered alternative, happy or unhappy according to the individual’s viewpoint, is that one bias or another will gain sufficient advantage to be able to dictate the terms of mankind’s reprieve from total extinction. We don’t agree. We think that there is a third eventuality wherein the political chaos will fade out–in ways entirely unpremeditated by political man–as the invention order looms in. Geosocial Revolution explores the possibility that the non-political surprise has already occurred and will soon be increasingly visible to all.

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8.11 GEOSOCIAL REVOLUTION

8.12 Introduction

8.13 The International Cooperation Year of the United Nations came into being as a consequence of the great and surprising success of the two International Geophysical Yearwherein world scientists transcending political ideologies established an historical beach-head in the integrity of the emerging World Man’s behavior.

8.14 The International Cooperating of Humanistic concerns is far more difficult and complex. Each human is a whole universe and there are now over three billion of them around the world.

8.15 Science is inherently observational and theoretical. Science is committed only to the discovery of energy and mathematical behaviours of physical universe. It is left to the integrity of internationally cooperating technology and humanities to advantageously integrate the scientific findings with human behaviours. ICY-1965 must invent objective applications of the discovered knowledge in such ways for instance as, hopefully, never to exhaust the new found resources while also turning them to physical improvement of man’s survival. It is also left to internationally cooperating technology to formulate effective strategies for increasing the physical advantages while decreasing the physical inter-restraints of both individual and collective humanity. ICY technology must at the same time safeguard future humanity’s welfareing.

8.16 It becomes swiftly clear that to make equivalent contributions to those of IGY, ICY must develop technological strategems which will have the same powerful scientific foundations as those of the Geophysical Years.

8.17 Through employment of the scientifically gained data and the generalized physical principles therefrom derived, it behooves the Internationally Cooperating Technology of ICY to establish a continuously self-increasing, per capita, metabolic (energy process) advantage of humanity over its a priori and forever evolving environment. The cry goes up: "Haven’t you ever heard of the Second Law of Thermodynamics which predicts the inexorable energy loss of entropy–from all local systems of universe? You can’t increase advantages!" (Entropy is also known mathematically as the "Law of Increase of the Random Elements) The answer goes back: "Have you never heard of the Law of Conservation of Energy, which says–in terms of the empirically indicated finite physical universe–’energy may neither be created nor lost’!" Energy is shown experimentally as only accomplishing disassociation here through entirely orderly regrouping or association there. Energy transactions are 100 per cent accountable. Every action has its reaction and resultant, and every nuclear component has its positive or negative opposite with each reversing every characteristic of the other. In this dynamically opposed system the Geosocial Year can find the scientific fundamentals of its logical extension of the work of the Geophysical Years. The scientific connection between the IGY and the ICY lies in the answer to the question: has man a function in the universe and if so, what is it? Norbert Wiener and others said "Yes." We will now trace that connection and function.

8.18 In dynamical balance with the inside-outing, expanding universe, man witnesses Earth as a collecting or outside-inning, contracting phase, of universe. In addition to its daily sun radiation income Earth receives a continually increasing inventory of radiation in its lethal, energy concentrates sifting, sorting, and accumulating Van Allen Belts. The succession of concentric terrestrial spheres, e.g., ionosphere, troposphere et al., constitute an extraordinary series of random-to-orderly sorting, shunting, partially accumulating

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8.20 and partially forwarding–inwardly and finally to benign state in the biosphere–of Earth’s continual, universal, energy income receipts. Earth also receives an additional one hundred thousand tons of stardust daily. This randomly deposited dust apparently consists of all the 92 regeneratively patterning, chemical elements in approximately the same order of relative abundance as the relative abundance of those elements in the thus far inventoried reaches of universe. The biological life on Earth is inherently anti-entropic for it negotiates the chemical sorting out of the Earth crust’s chemical element inventory and rearranges the atoms in elegantly ordered molecular compound patternings. Of all the biological anti-entropics, i.e., random-to-orderly arrangers, man’s intellect is by far the most active, exquisite, and effective agent thus far in evidence in universe. Through intellect, man constantly succeeds in inventing technological means of doing evermore orderly–i.e., more efficient, local universe, energy tasks with ever less units of investments of the (what may be only apparently) "randomly" occurring resources of energy, as atomic matter, or energy, as channeled electro-magnetics.

8.21 During the International Geophysical Year, world around science coordinately charted vast physical pattern behaviors within and around Earth, such as magnetic fields and comprehensive world earthquake patternings. All of the vast geophysical systems were sponanteously acknowledged by scientific man to be operative in nature, before men discovered and charted their behaviors.

8.22 Man–the scientist–has no ego problem in acknowledging the a priori existence in universe of a myriad of energy patterns whose existence and behaviors constitute the life permitting and sustaining energy environment.

8.23 Contrariwise, man–the humanist–feels it degrading to his ego to acknowledge the a priori existence of social and economic patternings operative around Earth which develop, evolve, and transform transcendentally to his conscious contriving. To do so seems to admit to a naive subscription to super-natural phenomena. Man’s vanity tends swiftly to lay personal, corporate, partisan, or national claim upon all the man-advantaging events and equally swift claim to exoneration from any and all humanly dis-advantageous events. This positive and negative ego claiming is an historically conditioned social reflex, which springs directly from man’s fear of death in face of all the yesterdays’ 99 per cent probability of premature and painful demise. When yesterday’s environment failed to disclose, superficially, the means by which 99 per cent might survive or avoid deterioration and pain, a few by superior physical strength, cunning, and insensitivity could command the 1 percent survival support for themselves and a few associates. Though spontaneous, positive-negative ego claiming probably developed in many ways, a typical cause was that which showed that the most brazen pretense and artifice frequently persuaded the dull brains of the strong-armed survival-commanding bullies, that the latter’s chances of maintaining their survival would be enhanced by adding the persuading individuals, at least temporarily, to their band of supportable cohorts. This rationalized myth-formulating was for various causes grafted deeply in the human defense mechanism as a post-natal, reflex system, relayingly triggered from life to life –usually in the earliest childhood of those whose spontaneous trust in the integrity of understanding between themselves and their parents was repeatingly violated to critical degree. To gain workable understandings for moment to moment situations they invented, at least temporarily effective stories.

8.24 Human myths and self-deceptive rationalizations have so permeated custom and culture as, thus far historically, to have prevented the social scientists from "seeing themselves" with sufficient objectivity to permit their differentiating out from the social developments all those larger patterns of human behavior which were not consciously premeditated by men. The scientists recognize the individual’s subconsciously controlled behaviors, but over and above outright human panic at catastrophe, the unconsciously articulated self-

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8.26 starterings and coordination controls of group behaviors are sometimes not well, and often not at all, understood.

8.27 For technology and the humanities of the I.C.Y. to match in any way the integrities of pattern discovering demonstrated throughout by the physical scientists, the technologists and humanists of the I.C.Y. will have to concentrate on the geosocial, instead of the egosocial. The I.C.Y. participants, at the outset, will have to acknowledge that mankind, like all the other living species, has its ultra-shortsighted, built-in "desire" drives, as well as its longer distance "needs," both of which cause each species to pursue its "honey" as does the bumblebee, while inadvertently and unconsciously per- forming myriads of other tasks designed by nature, which unknown to the separate creature species are all essential to realization of the regenerative continuance of the much larger survival support conditions for all life. Thus does the bumblebee’s un- viewed, unwitting, bumbling tail bump into and knock off male pollen, which it later, and again inadvertently, knocks off upon the female, botanical organs thus unconsciously participating in a vastly complex ecological interaction of the many energy processing bio-chemical "gears" of the total life system, dynamically constituted by all the living species. The myriad inadvertencies of all the living species have sum totally provided a metabolically sustaining and regenerative topsoil process which–it is realized now, but only by our retrospectively gained knowledge–has kept man regeneratively alive on Earth for at least two million years, while ever improving his physical survival advan- tages and increasing his longevity.

8.28 This vast "game playing" of life has also indirectly occasioned, not only the regenerative multiplication of human beings, but also a progressively increasing per- centage who survive in conditions of ever improving physical advantage. It is probable that 99 per cent of all history’s human babies have been inadvertently conceived as a consequence only of the human’s preoccupation with their momentary "desire" drives. That man in his rationalizations has explained this regenerative drive to himself only mythically and negatively as the "original sin" wraps up all the ego-claiming or disclaiming into one, typical, nonsense conditioned, reflex package, which the I.C.Y. cooperators must discard altogether in order to free their brains and minds to identify the vast human ecology transforming forces comprehensively in operation about Earth.

8.29 The human ecology transforming forces are as real and as important to life on Earth as are the Van Allen Radiation Inhibiting Belts surrounding Earth. The human ecology transforming forces are nonetheless as foreign to man’s consciousness as have been the Van Allen Belts, both of which have been unknown to man’s knowledge throughout all but the last decades of the known two million years of man’s presence on Earth.

8.30 Geosocial Revolution is a tentative inventory of those heretofore invisible, techno-economic, world-force-fields now looming tentatively into view. These hereto- fore invisible, evolutionary systems’ tidalwaves once discovered and studied apparently disclose nature’s scheme, not only for successfully sustaining human life on Earth– despite the inertial negatives and shortsightedness of man’s arrogant ignorance–but also the scheme by which nature will permit man to henceforth participate consciously in ever less meagre degree in his prosperous continuance on Earth, which he will occupy as a planetary base for his larger operations in universe. These forces and their trend- ings become the logical pattern developments to be served by all those taking the con- scious initiative in promulgating world man’s comprehensive advantaging through the International Cooperation Year.

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8.32 GEOSOCIAL REVOLUTION

8.33 Though dwarding all other of history’s revolutions in relative magnitude of transformation of human affairs in universe, the vital characteristics and overall involvements of the twentieth century revolution have gone on entirely unapprehended for one half of a century. So vast and historically unfamiliar are the revolution’s ramifications, that the narrow foci of contemporary specializations have failed to perceive, recognize, categorize, and integrate its widely ranging components. Though everyone recognizes that a "World Revolution of some kind is going on"–such a concept is exclusively a post-world-war-two cognition. Meetings of intellectual, business, and government leaders are convened with increasing frequency on the subject of the "impingement of science and technology on human affairs." These meetings demonstrate that the nature of the greatest revolution in history, which had been developing powerfully for a half century before the meetings, is only now entering the comprehending awareness of man. The title of the meetings disclose that men are only now asking questions, which seek to understand the specific nature of the revolution.

8.34 Because the revolution’s characteristics have not even now been defined, we can say that its first half century has been as subconsciously operative, in respect to world society’s thoughts and deliberations, as are a child’s day-to-day size growth and the transforming pattern of the Earth’s magnetic field, both transcendental to the child’s thoughts and plans. Though articulated piecemeal by men themselves, it is safe to say that the first half century of this greatest world revolution has developed without men’s conscious awareness either of its existence or of their part in it.

8.35 It was possible for this invisibly developing revolution to happen because every separate event was–in respect to the revolution–entirely unpremeditated by man–ergo inadvertent. Each unplanned revolution interlinkage was entirely uncorrelated with the other inadvertencies.

8.36 Since the revolution has developed inexorably without benefit of man’s conscious planning it must, in due course, be recognized as constituting sum totally a process of nature as transcendental to man’s consciously assumed responsibilities as are the Earth’s seasons, whose behaviors however may some day be consciously modified by man. In the same way, the great twentieth century revolution’s comprehensively uncontrolled development may come under progressively favorable modification and control by man. Such inexorable, overwhelming and invisibly developing events of nature are of the same order of importance as are conception, birth, and death–they constitute in fact total social conceptioning and rebirth with total death or obsolescence of the outworn concepts of social preoccupations.

8.37 The human inadvertencies, which altogether add up to the world history’s greatest single revolution in human affairs, were executed, separately, each unbeknownst to the others, by a hundred thousand (approximately) of the world’s industrial corporations–private or state–the abstract, limited human liability inventions of lawyers or government planners–which during the last half century undertook, corporately, as prime or subcontractors, to supply all the world’s most powerful nations with the multi-trillion dollar price tagged flow of technological goods, which altogether

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8.39 constituted the swiftly evolving weaponry systems of those nations. The contracts in- cluded the invention, research, development, and production of all the swiftly transform- ing evolution in support mechanisms, consisting of the tools-that-made-the-tools that eventually made and maintained as operative the omni-automated, design regenerating, massive retaliation capabilities, in comprehensive world-space weaponry systems.

8.40 The inadvertencies, which unknowingly initiated the transcendental revolution, occurred as, one by one in the course of events, each of the world around corporations’ separate contracts were terminated by the world nations’ defense departments–due to the progressive obsoleting of their products by the next invention-generations in the swiftly evolving weapons and tool designs. The inadvertencies occurred as each of the previous weaponry or tools-to-make-tools-to-make-weapons contractors made separate, fortuitous, corporately independent reorientations of their survival strategies and con- trived new end-products of their as yet only semi-obsolete, tooled-up, and scientifically staffed production capabilities–converting them from the outpouring of weaponry systems devices to production of the myriad of mechanical and structural items, gadgets, and knicknacks for the "home front"–the "everyday-living" market–which latter we have, for economy of expression, designated comprehensively as "livingry"–in contradistinc- tion to scientific technology’s original focus of all of its productive capability in "weap- onry."

8.41 Weaponry, born of man’s necessity to anticipate high frequency life or death crises in a world of seeming universal inadequacy of vital essentials–best phrased by Darwin as "survival of the fittest"–always had priority of access to the highest per- formance physical and cerebral resources present within mankind’s as yet discovered and comprehended environment.

8.42 Priorities for weaponry required sacrifice of access to resources for all the non-priority claiming individual human needs and desires, the seemingly deferrable and less important survival and development activities. As engineers have learned, every action has its reaction as well as resultants, wherefore all priorities must involve anti- priorities. The home-front has always been the antipriority area. From man’s person- al home and family life the reserves of effort, savings, and anticipatory capability to meet inexorable crises have always been commandeered to meet the seemingly common enemy. Therefore highest priorities have only been invoked to establish the highest scientific-industrialization capabilities which alone could best produce ever higher, swifter, more powerful, longer distance, and more accurately hitting weaponry for anticipatory defense of the "have" minorities against the "have-not" majorities, who– in desperation of birth into a world of seemingly overpowering inadequacy of metabolic sustenance and regeneration of life–must periodically join their have-not numbers to revolt against the inferior-numbered "haves." Thus far in history weaponry has always been accorded priority over livingry.

8.43 That scientific industrialization would have a by-product capability to produce livingry was not foreseen. Nor was it foreseen that the development of scientific indus- trialization to produce special end-product weaponry would generate a comprehensive train of ever more generalized tools to make the tools, which finally made the special tools, that made the ever more fleeting special models of the latest weaponry. The vast generalized tool base of the scientific industrialization which would accrue inadvertently as a consequence of the focusing of both enterprise and government subsidies exclusively upon the end products–the special weapons–was utterly unforeseen.

8.44 It was thought by yesterday’s "Ins" that their fortresses would be forever

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8.46 impregnable.

8.47 Battleships, it was thought, would be good for generations. It was not realized that every battleship would be obsolete before it was finished. The integrated consequences of all the separate, fortuitous, uncoordinated reorientations of all the world’s weaponry producing contractors, applying their do-vastly-more-with-vastly-less capabilities to man’s domestic needs was to effect an utterly unplanned alteration of man’s historical relationship to his environment. Ecology is the name for the science which studies the patterns of life in respect to the environment. The human ecological transformation consequences of the Twentieth Century Revolution are so enormous that in the last generation of man on Earth, they have increased one hundred-fold the hitherto unvarying, multi-million year, man-on-Earth, average mileage of a human lifetime’s total locomotion–which was approximately 30,000 miles–and has already become 3,000,000 miles for millions of humans–and will increase that lifetime mileage one thousand-fold in the present generation and million-fold it in the next.

8.48 So great has been the fundamental ignorance of man and so formidable has been the improbability of happy survival of the preponderance of mankind, that his conditioned reflexes would never have permitted mankind’s lucid, world around foresight nor his adequately accredited, organized generations of coordinated work, sacrifice, and dedication to be amassed to the degree necessary to his accomplishment, peacefully, and consciously of the present level of scientific industrialization capabilities and world around resources integration–at which level it now is becoming visible for the first time that man can and may become a comprehensive and continuing physical success in the universe.

8.49 As with the bumblebee–of our introduction–preoccupied with his honey seeking–whose tail inadvertently brushes about the pollens to fertilize the botanical members of the omni-regenerative metabolic processes of the total integrated ecologies of all species–so have fear motivated man’s negative preoccupations, in weaponry anticipations, inadvertently established the positively reactive technological mastery of universal energies to the degree adequate to elimination of the want which originally had necessitated the weapons.

8.50 Specifically–the revolution of inadvertencies has resulted, all unplanned, in doing so much more-with-so-much-less that–despite swiftly multiplying world population and swiftly dwindling per capita metallic resources–that the percentage of all mankind participating–at the standard-of-living of a modern U.S.A. industrial worker’s family (or better), –one so much improved in physical advantages as to have been undreamed of even by the world’s richest and most powerful men of 1900 A.D.–has risen from less than one per cent of all humanity to forty-four per cent within the first two-thirds of the twentieth century. Thus almost one-half of all humanity–whose total yesterdays were poverty stricken, illiterate, diseased, and ruthlessly exploited by the "fortunate" strong arm few–has been suddenly and inadvertently catalyzed into a pattern of physical success. This success of the 44 per cent is probably also to be achieved for 100 per cent of humanity well before the twentieth century’s close.

8.51 No world leaders planned this integrated success of man–neither economists nor philosophers predicted it. None gave their lives for it–consciously. Unconsciously, however, everyone in all history gave their lives for it. There is, therefore, a deep subconscious passion in man which now stimulates his intuitions to strike for realization of the historically held "impossible" and now looming reality of physical success for all humanity.

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8.53 While the first half of this revolution was unrecognized and uncoordinated–ergo only subconsciously achieved–the second half will be consciously coordinated–for man is now beginning to realize vaguely, but nonetheless realistically, that he need not wait upon the politically organized, fear-mandated-defense underwriting of science and technology–to accelerate the doing of more with less in weaponry only, which is only thereafter to be second-handed into his piecemeal domestic advantaging a quarter of a century–i.e., a human generation–later, and only thereafter in turn to multiply the numbers of humanity to be served at ever higher standard, with ever less resources per each and every function. Despite the inexorably gaining bounty of the previously unapprehended revolution, the majority of humans are as yet poverty stricken "Have Nots." But there is now fortunately visible a means of swiftly accelerating the process of converting the remainder of humanity to high standard "Haveness." This is the specific task to which the U.N.’s International Cooperation Year must address itself.

8.54 While the powerful, scientific, computer implemented theory of Generalized Systems Controls governed the consciously integrated weapons delivery systems, the inadvertent, uncoordinated, fortuitous reorientation of the contractors’ tooled-up capabilities to exploit the separate human home-needs markets was never advantaged by the efficiency of a generalized livingry coordinating system, nor by the latter day powerful expansion and refinement–at the astronomical scope and level of generalized systems theory capabilities realizable only through computerization.

8.55 Unlike the home building market, both the communications industry (–"Tel and Tel"–) and the transportation industry have benefited by the general systems controls adopted to weaponry systems, simply because mails, telephones, telegraphs, cables, wireless, railroads, ships, autos, and trucks were–and as yet are–vital parts of the operational weapons delivery and support systems themselves.

8.56 Though today American Telephone and Telegraph and General Motors Corporation are far out in front in computerized general systems controls of their respective operations, Henry Ford, Sr., was the pioneer in the long range, world around, historical development of the application of the tools-to-make-tools system of mass production to large end product tools, such as the motorized road vehicles–for mass production had long before been applied to small things, such as pins, army rifles, and watches. The pre-mass production use of the principle of the moving production line, and its large scale jigs, fixtures, templates, and massive power tools and cranes was developed centuries earlier in the production of ships on cradles on marine railways whose launched hulls moved around to outfitting docks, and around the world to receive their final full rigged capabilities.

8.57 In the twentieth century’s fifty years of world revolution generating inadvertencies, all that the separate prime weaponry technology contractors attempted–in turning to domestic outlets for their government financed capability-augmentations–was to produce domestic items suitable for profitable processing by their unique tools. Giant electric generators, steam boilers, electric lights, radios, oil burners, refrigerators, air conditioners were originally developed and used only as battleship equipment. Such items were easily converted to domestic use. But many of the potentially useful domestic field capabilities were not originally obvious.

8.58 The prime technology contractors’ reorientations to domestic products were usually successful because their advanced technology could, for instance, readily replace the inferior materials used in yesterday’s individual building components without altering the familiar building forms and procedures in any fundamental way. They

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8.60 produced improved wall panels, partitions, office furniture, stoves, window hardware, aluminum shingles, etc.

8.61 But no emergency mandated authority existed, such as the national defense or the military–in respect to the vast weapons-delivery-systems of the integrated national defense systems of the U.S.S.R. or U.S.A.–to comprehensively organize and oversee the industrial contractors’ scientific development and production capabilities under a comprehensively coordinated world system, designed specifically to make all men on Earth a physical success–while at the same time increasing each individual’s degrees of freedom while also ever lessening their inter-trespassing upon one another –and to do so without at the same time raping Earth of its fundamental resources or robbing man of inspiring antiquities or of further restimulating environmental challenges and riches, both abstract and physical.

8.62 No scientifically informed and popularly mandated authority existed or as yet exists which adequately comprehends the immediately developing overall world revolu- tion in design science concepts and world scale logistical capabilities development. Such an authority must first emerge to effectively convert the building world from the most ignorant and self-corrupting exploitation of all the yesterday’s ever desperate needs of man–to be now converted into the most comprehensively effective and successful enjoy- ment of life in universe by all of humanity. As we shall see, such an authority is even now emergent in the I. C. Y. and other developments.

8.63 Yesterday’s scientifically organized weaponry contractors–whose whole development had been subsidized and developed by the national defense authorities– never had to risk their judgment on the selection of the weaponry items to be produced. That was the prerogative of the national defense authorities whose reasons were often obscured by top-secret classifications. When the prime technology contractors con- verted their exploitable tool-ups into production of livingry items, they assumed that all the building items had been wisely selected for production.

8.64 The ex-weaponry, prime contractors are the cast-off, long-time ’kept mistresses’ of the sovereign nations. The ex-prime contractors familiar with the grand strategies of the intimately coordinated, scientifically evolved and unitarily commanded national and allied defense systems–assumed that their new master, the building indus- try, like their old master, the National Defense Department, must of course have a grand, logically coordinate strategy. Both the weaponry and ex-weaponry contractors have assumed, therefore, that their long preoccupation with weaponry was, and is as yet, alone responsible for their ignorance of the building industry’s organizational ramifications and general scientific conceptioning. Naively the weaponry contractors say, "All industries must of course be governed by a comprehensive system." They don’t know that the unsystematized, happenstance building activity was so inefficient and uncoordinated that it went utterly bankrupt in 1929; and that ever since its real-estator operated, anarchistic plunging is entirely subsidized by several hundred billion dollars underwriting of the U.S. Government, because the building activity’s overall, unplanned mushrooming and technical inefficiency has no true objectives against which to measure its gains, ergo no possible innate profits and enterprise attractions. The real estate world is a capital cash-in and is sustained only by capital loss. Real estators buzzard the dilemmas of humanity’s constantly increasing dwelling and workspace needs by bull- dozing orchards, laying in water and sewer lines, and throwing up boxes. Their overall unplanned exploitation is so shortsightedly costly to society that the multi-hundred billion dollar government mortgage guarantee underwriting is in reality a commonwealth capital loss that is adjusted progressively by generation long deferments of the ultimate

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8.66 reckoning of the cost to world society and its progeny. These deferments are accomplished by local and federal government bond issues, guarantees, etc. The multi hundred billion dollar real loss that is mounting will never be paid off nor recoverable.

8.67 The indebtedness is carried however on the government books as a momentarily lucrative debt-service generator that drives vast billions of interest payment dollars annually into the macro-cities banking systems’ expansion–and into the latter to a ridiculous degree in which colossally sumptuous branch banks are erected in almost every "big city" block. New York, New York, has possibly more big name branch banks than 5 and 10ć stores.

8.68 The prime technology contractors, veering from weaponry into livingry, accept blindly the "so-called" building "industry’s" product categories as having been scientifically conceived–whereas the fact is that livingry as the historical antipriority is a bedlam of less-with-more make-do’s, fortuitously contrived with the lowest capability resource left-overs, wrapped up in religious, and aesthetic orders of classical-modern interior and exterior symbolic distinction superficialities.

8.69 No Ph.D. scientist has ever been retained to consider the general systems theory governing establishment of the potentially successful life of all men around Earth–let alone retained to look at a toilet. No architect or builder knows what buildings weigh–they have never heard of performance per pound.

8.70 The rocket capsule that will keep man living successfully in space for protracted periods, entirely remote from the sewer and other service mains, will be the first "scientific dwelling" in history. The prototype of the little 300 pound black box, which will reduce the metabolic regenerative system, as now operative on Earth from a one mile diameter ecologically accomplished chemical-energy exchange complex, to a four foot diameter rocket capsule energy regenerating accessory, will cost in the neighborhood of seven billion dollars. Once produced and successfully "operative," its replicas may be mass reproduced for $2 per pound, i.e., for $600. With such an integrated chemical-energy regenerator taking care of all sanitary and energy generating requirements of family living, men may deploy almost invisibly to the remote beauty spots about the Earth in air-delivered geodesically enclosed dwelling machines and survive with only helicopter and TV intercommunication at luxuriously simplified high standards of living–operative at negligible land anchorage cost similar to telephone service charges.

8.71 Because of the dawning awareness that the weaponry phase and its quarter century lag can be eliminated, this second half of the tool invention revolution is to be identified as the consciously undertaken continuance of the accelerated doing more with less by world society as world society led by I.C.Y. becomes aware that man’s comprehensive physical success is not only possible, but that it can only be accomplished through design science competence. To do so, design science now emergent in university research activities encouraged by I.C.Y. will first develop the comprehensive, computerized programming of the general livingry system. World coordination of the design systems development is to be administered–as will be seen later–by spontaneously self-organized university students whose world around design science coordinating authority, because of the inherent primacy of physical capability in energy universe, will progressively displace the sovereign nation’s political authorities who, until yesterday, have administered the regeneratively self-improving more with less system, exclusively on behalf of their respective separate national defenses, on the assumption that there was not enough of world resources to take care of even one half of humanity,

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8.73 wherefore, it was also assumed that: War for survival was and would be forever a necessary characteristic of mankind.

8.74 This, the ultimate revolution, now to be resolved only by scientific inventing and engineering competence of the young world in general, instead of by the now out- moded and obsolete political initiatives, will swiftly bring about high standard survival for all and thereby the elimination of the former political recourse only to preparatorily acquired weaponry and to the now untenable assumption that survival can only be justified by elimination–on the battlefield or in the slums’ lower velocity rot-rate–of the unsup- portable excess of human population.

8.75 Through design science, the common success of all men is guaranteed which, for the first time in history, eliminates the factors–to contend with which–all the world nations’ defense systems were established.

8.76 Responsibility for development of the scientific invention competence is being spontaneously assumed, in ever increasing degree, since 1961, by the world around stu- dents in the professions–at first in architecture, engineering, and science. They are now being joined by university students of all kinds and will not be vastly encouraged by I. C. Y. support of their initiative.

8.77 Politics will play its future part which, however, is only a secondary serv- ice–a stewardess function–of polite supervision of the passengers’ "adjusting of their seat belts" for the great world "take-off" for physical success of all mankind. But be- fore the inventing youth can seize the initiative from world politicians to make the great flight to comprehensive success, they must–figuratively speaking, only–first state clearly to themselves and to the world what the design science problem consists of. The problem includes the parameters of generalized, anticipatory, comprehensive system theory. Students will then invent, calculate, and design (a) the development, (b) produc- tion, and (c) operational tune-up of the million-types-of-parts prototype of the as yet nonexistent "one-thousand passenger, vertical take-off, rocket ships." Within this hypothetical invention we package the myriad of do-more-with-less, design science inventions, innovations or reorganizations with which the revolution can be won for all humanity–within twenty years, if all goes well–and as it is now augured by the swiftly progressive realization of the true nature of the problem by the world students.

8.78 Paris, France, July, 1965, will be a prime focus of the largest world travel in the history of man. Paris will provide in July a most spectacular world stage. Upon this stage the I. C. Y. technology committee and the comprehensive world economics initiative seizing students have chosen to inaugurate their Design Science Revolution. They will do so under the auspices of their International Union of Architects, the only world organization of professional architecture whose members co-represent all sides of all the political curtains. As the university students present their first stage state- ment of their five stage, ten year overall, planned world design revolution, they will have an extraordinary opportunity to catch the world’s attention with their surprisingly discovered and lucid truth that: "The one and only world revolution which is omni- politically tolerable is now underway and is visible to all the world at the I. C. Y. en- couraged students’ exhibit at the International Union of Architects’ Eighth World Congress now meeting right here in Paris."

8.79 This is a superb opportunity to clarify for all humanity that the fundamental and prior problem of man’s surviving successfully on this little sun-orbiting space ship, "Earth," cannot be solved by political theory and is not to be left to the politician’s

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8.81 ultimate lever–war–hot, subversive, cold, or cool.

8.82 Because the revolution is so large, selection by man of the natural and best, timing and place for public birth of its conscious promulgation is difficult to judge. Paris 1965 may not be the right ripe moment. If so, the I. C. Y. and the students will make presentation after presentation the world around, until the concept of the scale and import of the revolution are publicly realized. Both the I. C. Y. technology committee and the students see that the world’s prime, vital problem bears repeating a million times. It is: How to triple swiftly, safely, and satisfyingly, the overall performance realizations per pound, kilowatts, and manhours of the world’s comprehensive resources. To do so will render those resources–which at the present design level can support only 44 per cent of humanity–capable of supporting 100 per cent of humanity’s increasing population at higher standards of living than any human minority or single individual has ever known or dreamed of. To thus concentrate on the mastery of the physical service of man will also have its inadvertent profit increment, for to master the physical–intellectually–will bring into human intercourse a level of integrity of exploration of the metaphysical capabilities of man and the metaphysical ramifications of universe also heretofore undreamed of by man.

8.83 Science and engineering say this is eminently feasible. It is feasible because the world’s economy is now operating at an appallingly low overall mechanical efficiency level in which the machines realize, in energy work done, only one twenty-fifth–i.e., 4 per cent of the potential of the thus wastefully consumed energy, while the structures of the environmental controls, housing the machines and the regenerative human ecology, realize less than 1 per cent overall structural efficiency in respect to the now known structural capabilities in cubic feet, per ounces of materials controlled, per units of labor time, and per given protection or advantage function; i.e., we could build one hundred comparably volumed and useful buildings out of the same weight, time, and energy resource units now ignorantly processed into one building. But this relative performance advance involves comprehensive building system reorganizations.

8.84 In contradistinction to that miniscule 4 per cent overall mechanical efficiency and 1 per cent overall structural efficiency now realized by world man, the automobiles’ reciprocating engines are 15 per cent efficient. The new gas turbines are 30 per cent efficient. Coal burning turbo electric generators are 40 per cent efficient. Jet engines are 60 per cent efficient. Combined desalination and electric power generating atomic reactors are 72 per cent efficient. The new fuel cells are 80 per cent efficient. Organized design science competence, general systems control, and employment of man’s normal rate of inventive evolution can swfitly triple the overall resource effectiveness, and that’s it. Instead of living on his million year deposited savings account of fossil fuel energy, man can, with larger installation and comprehensive planning, succeed in living on his vast daily energy income account in gravitational energy generated watershed and tidal dams, sun power et al. Thus, this and future generations may conserve the fossil fuel hydrocarbon energy savings to be passed on from generation to generation as an emergency "cushion."

8.85 Typified by the University of California’s 1964-65 New Year’s Berkeley Campus outbreak, the present twenty-one year old junior class university students–everywhere around the Earth–are the World-War-Two babies. Most frequently, as babies, their fathers were away at the war and their mothers away at the munitions works. The superlative wartime spirit of social cooperation which must have inspired the children’s foster parents and baby sitters to undertake the care and nurturing of those babies may have satisfied to unique degree the baby’s and children’s innate trust,

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8.87 the most critical and most easily damaged of all the socially coordinate spontaneous behaviorisms of new born life–which, if damaged usually results in school dropouts and juvenile delinquency. The World War Two babies’ subsequent childhoods were spent with their "G.I." student parents at universities. The attempt of their parents to learn more –to speak better–to use their heads instead of their muscles to win their livelihood was, as has been learned also through behavioral science, a most powerful influence on their childhood’s favorable development of intelligence. 1965’s twenty-one-year-olds are also the first babies reared by the "third parent," television, which brought them world news every hour with greater frequency and regularity than they received their milk. They think "world." They think and demand justice for all humanity, with no exceptions! The world students are the world revolutionaries. They are also the most literate students of all history as well as the first "world minded," ergo, nationally unbiased, as well as the healthiest students in history. Altogether, theirs will be the most powerful and constructive revolution in all history.

8.88 In the prime of life, realizing their first individual independence, and burst- ing with logical and realistic idealism, the students are everywhere confronted with yesterday’s science fiction, now operative as today’s practical reality.

8.89 Firstly, the students comprehend that any invention can be realized.

8.90 Secondly, the students find themselves confronted with the concurrent news of the majority of the world people being as yet faced with starvation, ignorance, and suffering.

8.91 Thirdly, the students are confronted with an ideological struggle of the world’s major political systems, the major protagonists of which, in idealistically con- vinced self-righteousness, alike exploit to the limit men’s lethal dilemmas by every manner of subversive and guerrilla warring. Each assumes that the poverty stricken peoples’ problems can only be solved by political organization. Each seeks to prove its respective political system to be superior to the others’. Each hopes to gain the largest world support for their equally lopsided and mutually obsolete political biases. Each spends far more to frustrate the other side than they spend in developing any realistic plans to make the world work. Each pours its technology only into weapons. Each distributes lethal weapons en masse to people who only want to eat, love, speculate, and laugh. This homogenization of negatives hides the fact that no political system can, by virtue of its ideology alone, make man a physical success. Both sides, as yet, as- sume Thomas Malthus’ and Marx’s fundamental resource inadequacy to hold true and claim their respective systems to be most just under the assumed mutually exclusive economic survival alternatives imposed by fundamental inadequacies.

8.92 But—take the technological tools of industrialization away from U.S.A., Russia, France, China, England, West Germany, Japan, and Italy and leave them all their respective ideologies and, within six months, two billion world humans will die of starvation. Contrariwise, take away from those eight sovereign states all their political ideologies and political leaders and leave them their industrial tools and human operators and their habitual daily production and distribution system network tasks and no more will starve than are starving now. New gap-filling pro tem leaders would spring up everywhere, overnight, with emergency gained authority who would make things work as well and probably better.

8.93 Only as a consequence of such politically transcendental and industrially informed observation is it now philosophically, scientifically, and mundanely visible

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8.95 that the only difference between all of the unsuccessful yesterdays and the half successful today is the presence of the world-around industrial network and its regeneratively multiplying scientific and technical know-how.

8.96 World society is as yet unappreciative of industrialization’s significance. Its super-evolutionary stature and the nature of its comprehensive functioning are as yet obscured by thick overlays of essentially irrelevant theories of its political and economic profit involvements. World students will, in due course, discover that world industrialization is an evolutionary transformation, as fundamental as that of caterpillars into butterflies. Man’s originally internal and corporeally integral functions and organic processes are inventively externalized by man, altogether to provide a world around metabolic regeneration system of mutually sustaining significance only. For instance, great cities are organic components of the world industrialization. Into the cities evolving continuity, new human lives are born and lives die out as are little coral animals, in and out of coral reefs. Industrialization constitutes continuous man. Each new life is born to be stimulated positively or negatively into making direct or indirect, conscious or subconscious contributions to the evolutionary increase of the industrial commonwealth’s metabolic and metaphysical regeneration capabilities.

8.97 Uncomprehending industrialization as constituting inexorable accelerating evolution everywhere around the world, the students demand impatiently that the world be made to work, right now! However, as with the older population, the students’ reflexes have been originally and overpoweringly conditioned by their childhood experiences of being at first helpless babies, utterly dependent on their parents’ responsibility and authority. Both as child and as youth, their reflexes have been conditioned to think of problems as being solvable only by some higher authority–their father–the school teacher–the family doctor or the family priest. For this obvious reason, they now assume that the world problems can only be solved by their respective Big (political) Papas and by the latter’s political initiative. But the students don’t as yet understand that the mandate of political leaders stems from an inherently debilitating bias–the exclusive protection of their respective national or political groups.

8.98 As we have already observed, due to the inordinately low level of mechanical efficiency of the world’s production and distribution system, as now designed and operative, not even one-half of humanity can now survive for half its potential life span,–though it is eminently feasible by design to triple the mechanical efficiency level and thus take care handsomely of 100 per cent of humanity. The problem is primarily one of performance upgrading by scientific inventions. However, the true technical nature of the problem is overwhelmingly obscured by the individuals’ millenniums long, reflex conditioned reliance only upon whichever political individual happens to be the most powerfully emergent claimant to being the "champion" of his community and nation’s cause. It is assumed by man’s historical conditioning that the strongest political leaderships are morally ordained to lead society into periodic warring for survival only of the "fittest."

8.99 Many factors have operated to bring about such fatalistic, social reflexing. Much vulnerability of society arises from misplaced social confidence in the soundness of its primary educational concepts. For instance, major reflex conditioning of society springs from the universal, elementary schooling of children with Greek geometry’s definition of a triangle (or of a circle or any polygon) as "the area bound by a closed line"–in the case of the triangle "the area is bound by a closed line of three edges and three angles." In the days of the Greek geometers’ formulations, the Earth was thought of as a plane whose lines ran outward horizontally to nowhere. Outside the triangle lay

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8.101 ultimate wilderness–then chaos, then infinity. Today we know that the Earth and all systems are finite. The law of conservation of energy says "Energy may neither be created nor lost." The physical universe is a finite system. Earth is a finite sphere. The surface of a sphere is a unit area; any closed line such as a circle or a triangle set upon a sphere, subdivides the whole sphere’s surface into two sub areas–i.e., the two areas on both sides of the line. The Earth’s equator subdivides Earth into northern and southern hemispheres. When a small triangle is scribed on the Earth, the remainder of the Earth’s surface is also a unit area defined by the same closed line of three edges and three angles–with the angles greater than 180 degrees.

8.102 Dogmatic teaching of Greek plane geometry in elementary school produces an exclusive–only-one-side-of-the-line bias whereby the "inside" area, which is "our" area, is also a finite and valid area. It is inferred by the Greek geometry that all the surface "outside" in an infinite, unbounded area, ergo uncontrollable, is ultimately chaotic and unreliable. To each elementary school student–carelessly misinformed in many ways, such as: "the sun goes down and rises," the world as yet seems realistically to stretch away horizontally to infinity, despite the students mildly contradictory geographical training. It is easy for the students to be trapped by the "one-side-of-the-line bias." Ergo–they automatically assume that "the other fellow is wrong." This bias is a typically debilitating consequence of dogmatically accepted axioms, many of which though now proven invalid through scientific experiment continue to be taught to hundreds of millions of young students.

8.103 The politicians are forever faced with the ultimate, axiomatic, Malthusian economics–the "you or me" decisions, "because there is not enough for both of us." Politicians therefore are not only inherently but also debilitatingly biased. In spite of their ghost writers’ political speeches–rising at times to altruistic heights–politicians are always realistically maneuvering for the next election or supreme council meeting. Despite superb dreams of some political leaders, compromising deals have usually had highest priority in their ultimate ways-and-means decision making.

8.104 Those politicians who undertake altruistic and idealistic solutions of the "only you or I can live–not both" dilemmas, always fail because of the heretofore, seemingly "forever," lethal, economic assumption of a fundamental world resource inadequacy–as thus far in history designedly employed, and as thus far understood, either popularly or by the non-inventively thinking economic experts.

8.105 In the Design Science Revolution world students have at last glimpsed the realization that they no longer must leave the solution of the world’s problems to the politicians or to anyone else other than themselves. The world’s students have glimpsed-realized that with the same inalienable right as that of all inventing individuals–i.e., with poetic license only–without guns or weapons of any kind–employing only their intellect, which is weightless–they can seize the economic initiative and institute the tool and network design revolution and its also realistically designed performance upgrading of the world resources to serve 100 per cent of humanity instead of 44 per cent.

8.106 Practicing professional architects and architectural students may say, "This is not in the architectural curriculum. What authority decreed that architectural students might be allowed to take the design initiative in redesigning all the industrial tools? Who is going to pay us?"

8.107 The answer is, "What authority told the Wright Brothers to invent the airplane? Who told the Bell Laboratory scientist to discover the transistor? Who told

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8.109 Bell to invent the telephone? And if you make a good invention, all the world will pay you for it over and over again."

8.110 Initiative springs only from within the individual. Initiative can neither be created nor delegated. It can only be vacated. Initiative can only be taken by the indi- vidual on his own self-conviction of the necessity to overcome his conditioned reflexing which has accustomed him theretofore always to yield authority to the wisdom of others. Initiative is only innate and highly perishable.

8.111 WASN’T ALL THIS VISIBLE BEFORE? Why hasn’t the whole world been consciously disciplined to coordinate such a do-more-with-less design revolution?

8.112 The answer is: the generalized do-more-with-less principle has only be- come meagerly visible to anyone in the last three decades, and only importantly evident to a few more in the last decade. It has emerged, all unpredicted by any economists of history, through the accelerated evolution and mass production of doing more-with-less primarily in weaponry. It is the result of mass production of the means of production, which in turn was brought about only by the historically unprecedented "massive retali- ation" strategy of the 1950’s and 1960’s, which in turn became possible of realization– for the first time in history–only with the advent of the invisible scientific tidal wave of atomics, electronics, and computerization. Doing vastly more with vastly and invisibly less, is known technically as ephemeralization. The mass production of electronic controls inaugurated automation. With automation has come–just now–a dawning awareness of the invisible avalanche of ephemeralization.

8.113 Until World War Two saw the Maginot Line swept over, as though it did not exist–mankind’s dry land civilizations had always conceived of their safety as being dependent upon ever more massive fortifications! The heavier and bigger, the more secure! No one knew or cared how much weight was piled up. Even today, neither architects nor their clients nor the public has any thought of how much buildings weigh. Massive masonry and "deep window reveals" were the "most wanted" residential archi- tectural features of the 1920’s.

8.114 What swept over the world’s historically most massive and deeply founded fortification, the Maginot Line in 1940, was the German’s bringing out onto man’s dry land of the, theretofore exclusively seaborne and seakept secret strategy of doing vastly more with invisibly less–the tanks were submarines climbing out upon the land, the airplanes were the destroyers with wings–stunned mankind called it the Blitzkrieg. The do-more-with-less blitzkrieg machines didn’t have to "take" the fort. They ran right over it. They commanded the whole economy’s circulatory system. There was no greater hitting power anywhere to still their omni-present killing power.

8.115 Mankind, conditioned only to look for more to do his tasks, was utterly confused by the blitzkrieg. He kept looking for a bigger rather than a smaller explana- tion. This was the popular historical turning point. Throughout all of known history, 99 per cent of humanity occupied only the dry land–whose arable portion amounted to only about 5 per cent of the surface of planet "earth"–the other 1 per cent of humanity occupied 75 per cent of Earth’s surface, the great, treacherous, watery one ocean world. Realizing that ships may deliver magnitudes of cargo tonnages thousands fold that trans- portable on the backs of men or animals, the 1 per cent of world population who became high-seas merchantmen, or pirates, mastered the other 99 per cent of human population by controlling all the sea lanes of the world commerce and thereby the world’s wealth integrations. The great pirates became supreme. The secret of their mastery lay in

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8.117 the secrets of shipbuilding, handling, and navigation, in which the basic limits of float- ability–or displacement–meant that whoever could build-in the highest overall per- formance with the least weight and effort, could float-mobilize the greatest and swiftest hitting power to command the seaways and their merchantmen, and thereby run the world.

8.118 The ethereal, strength secrets of ship, airplane, and rocketry building have never been even mildly understood by the only massively impressed brains of land men, i.e., 99 per cent of humanity. Up to 1932, the calculation records of all naval ships were methodically destroyed by all the admiralties of all the navies of the world. How many Americans are familiar with the name of Webb Institute, the premiere source of the U.S.A.’s great naval architects?

8.119 That man might do more with less was thought of by the "landlubbers’," economic experts as nonsense. Up to and through World War Two, more-with-less used to be conceived of as impossible and jokingly referred to as "lifting oneself up by one’s own bootstraps"–we don’t hear of the expression now. But it is only since World War Two that we haven’t heard it. The public press has not yet noticed the obsolescence of that historically devastating cliche.

8.120 A key part of ephemeralization’s acceleration has been played by the return of approximately all of the world’s metallic scrap into complete reuse. This scrap re- circulation released by progressive obsolescence of earlier inventions by newer more efficient ones was utterly unrecognized by either economists, businessmen, politicians, –or even the world’s metal monopolizing cartels up to 1940–as constituting a funda- mental factor in the doing more with less process. It is approximately unknown even today that the World’s total mined metals resources recirculate every 22 1/2 years. This surprising condition occurred as follows: the quantity of the prime metals–iron, cop- per–mined and put into circulation during the years 1917, 1918, 1919 of World War One–was threefold the total cumulative quantity of those metals mined in all previous history. The vast new, recirculating resource did not come into play historically until 22 1/2 years later, i.e., in 1940, 41, and 42, which was well into the years of World War Two. In the onrush of war, the vast new scrap arrivals were unnoticed (except by the few who had predicted its arrival). The economists assumed this scrap metals arrival to be a normal part of the enormously stepped up war production in general– "probably" they thought, "the scrap has been sacrificed by patriots throwing ’their all’ into the breech."

8.121 Economists, politicians, and financial market speculators as yet think of today’s and tomorrow’s metallic resources as only existing in mines. They have al- together missed that the metals once mined go into eternal recirculation–chemical elements never become second-hand and shop-worn. All that is needed is energy and know-how to free them in pristine purity for further tasks. The United States has no tin mines–yet it has a tin reserve in aircraft and rocket production’s soft tools–greater than the ore reserve in Bolivia’s great tin mines.

8.122 Only 14 per cent of all the copper mined historically by man is not at present recirculating. And that 14 per cent which went to the ocean bottom in munitions ships will soon be recovered and put into the circulation.

8.123 During World War Two and during Eisenhower’s cold war metallic stock piling, ostensibly for swift and massive retaliation capabilities, the great mine owners realized a contrived bonanza, as the otherwise adequately recirculating metals were augmented by a two-folding again of history’s alltime mining rate. Employing the

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8.125 22 1/2 years "recirculation yardstick," we may safely predict that from July, 1966 to 1975, the world’s recirculating, scrap derived, metals resources, coming uninvited onto the world’s metal markets, will be more than doubled again. This massive metal’s supply will render the design science conversion of the world’s resources–from the service of only 40 per cent of humanity, to service of 100 per cent of the world’s popula- tion–a facile matter.

8.126 The world’s metals cartels, the older ’have’ countries and the newest indus- trial nations–as yet uninformed regarding this newly emerging scrap recirculation– now reconnoiter to control as surreptitiously as possible the metallic resources origi- nally buried by nature within the distantly deployed, world-around lands of the now newly "emerged nations." Their uninformed economic premise is that the integrity of expan- sion of the industrial giants will soon depend largely upon the as-yet-undeveloped and unmined, "tantalizingly rich" metallic resources of those many small nations. All those so assuming will be "rudely awakened" when (a) the avalanche of unexpected scrap of World War Two plus (b) the dropping market enforced, cold war, stockpile cash-in of the national holders of the unused metals will suddenly dump such an abundance of metals on the world markets that, when combined with (c) the doing three-fold more per pound technology–concurrently coming into the domestic technology–with (d) the converted weaponry producers vastly higher performance, tool capabilities–the 100 per cent industrialization of world man will probably be realized without further development of those new nations’, as yet unmined metals, resources. The latter will become the reserves for the future generations’ "rainy days." This enormous, self-augmentation of industrialization’s doing-unprecedentedly-more with unbelievably-less which is about to take place, all unannounced, is the big economic surprise that will bring about final abandonment of the cold warring now being insinuated into the small nations’ theaters as, not too invisibly, puppeted by all the big nations of all political biases.

8.127 There are several other major economic world trends which are as surpris- ing as they are vast which are also heading full-speed to integrate with and compound the "big economic surprise" which will sum totally render man on Earth an "overnight" total physical success.

8.128 Of top importance among the events trending to compound as the big surprise is the trend of big business to move its headquarters permanently out of the country– out of the U.S.A.–out of any sovereign nation. In the official language of the U.S. Department of Commerce, there are two kinds of U.S. Foreign investments–direct and indirect.

8.129 Indirect foreign investment consists of U.S.A. citizens and corporations buying and owning of equities in countries outside the U.S.A.

8.130 Direct foreign investment consists of capital investments by U.S.A. corpo- rations in land, buildings and machinery for foreign manufacture and commerce.

8.131 At the beginning of the twentieth century, the U.S.A. had three and one half billion of our present "F.D.R." dollars worth of direct foreign investments–this amount increased slowly for a third of a century, to eight billion of our present "F.D.R." dollars worth, by the time of the 1929 crash. U.S.A.’s D.F.I. then diminished to seven billion and held there for thirteen years until, in 1942, when the U.S.A.’s second World Warring required much foreign production activity which the U.S.A. entrusted in entirety to its private enterprise’s operation and management.

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8.133 Since 1942, the direct foreign investments of the U.S.A. have zoomed ten-fold from seven to over seventy billion "F.D.R." dollars worth, which equals the value of all the gold that has been mined in all history–of which 42 billion "F.D.R." dollars is the total value of that portion which functions as monetary gold. The U.S.A.’s Direct Foreign Investments also equal in value the seventy billion dollars worth of the entire electrical energy generating and distributing industry’s capital equipment as now owned by the combined public and private sectors of the continental United States.

8.134 The original U.S.A. born corporations’ direct foreign investments are now doubling every seven years. Unabated, they will probably double to one hundred and fifty billion dollars by 1972.

8.135 In 1964, the seventy billion U.S.A. Direct Foreign Investments earned four and one half billion dollars net after paying all taxes. That is just over 6 1/2% net.

8.136 Largest earner from direct foreign investment was General Motors, whose one half billion dollars–constituting one-third of its total 1964 earnings from all sources of one billion and a half dollars net profit after taxes–came from its foreign operations, despite that much less than one-third of its total capital investments have been made outside the U.S.A. So powerful is this trend of big U.S. corporations that in 1964, $4 out of every $5 that the U.S.A.’s 100 largest corporations put into new capital equipment investments went into their foreign operations.

8.137 Quite clearly, as I.B.M.’s International operations chairman, Arthur Watson, says–"the trend is already a reality and big business is no longer ’national’ in character but is identifiable only as a ’world’ phenomenon."

8.138 Watson says that it is now as inappropriate to speak of ’England trading with Spain’–or of world commerce as a ’country trading with a country’–as it would be to speak of the myriad mideast coast U.S.A. commerce events as consisting of states trading with states, i.e. ’New York State trading with New Jersey’–with their trade balances only adjusted annually with gold bullion transfers. Despite big businesses’ new efficiencies the world’s sovereign political states as yet operate with utterly outworn international accounting customs, inherited unquestioningly by world society–from the great pirates method of avoiding hijacking of their gold on the high seas by trading for a whole-at-a-time on credit leaving their high rank ’sovereign ambassadors’ as hostages in the foreign capitals, to insure their annual trade balancing, which took place only ’across the counter’ or ’down the street’ between the large banks in the world’s well guarded capital cities.

8.139 The post 1942 pattern of the foreign industrial corporations’ upsurge is quite different from the old foreign mine and oilwell exploitations in which the U.S. or European corporations took away wealth from the foreign countries. The new trend brings wealth into the foreign countries. The old pattern became intolerable to most of the exploited countries who seized the wells and mines and operated them for their own account as, for instance, did Iran or Mexico.

8.140 In addition to prohibiting foreign operators from taking away their wealth, Mexico will not allow any foreign corporations to export automobiles or other major manufactured items into Mexico. They require that the foreign corporations shall manufacture in Mexico. The Mercedes auto for instance is popular in Mexico due to its world-around acknowledged excellence of performance. The Mercedes Company like General Motors must manufacture their cars in Mexico exclusively for Mexican consumption. They must give the Mexican government and Mexican investors the majority

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8.142 of the shares in their Mexican manufacturing corporation. But General Motors, Mercedes et. al. can, for good value given, and without depriving the foreign operation, take out enough profit to make the sum of all their many separate foreign earnings a fabulous amount. Ergo, the foreign countries prosper and get the benefit of the know-how of a world-powerful research and development program, to an extent greater than they could develop for themselves. The Mexican’s could produce an "Inca" car or a "Montezuma V8" but these products could not have the mature world corporation’s know-how, service-ability or competitive earning value.

8.143 It is improbable that these new era world companies ever will be seized by the countries as the countries are already the majority share owners and are realizing greater wealth and technical advantage earnings, from General Motors’ world experienced, production management and research development, than they could possibly make on their own.

8.144 This general exodus of the world industry giants from sovereign protection of their respective countries of origin will in due course altogether eliminate big business lobbying for continuance of their respective earlier domestic ’protection’–in a way of custom tariffs - and even indirectly through passport controls, just as intra-New Jersey-New York state customs and passports have become utterly impractical of maintainance as state sovereignty devices.

8.145 As the big corporations graduate to world status they enter countries whose wages are far below U.S.A. wage scales. Because of the world corporations economic lessons learned in their "school days" in the U.S.A.,–e.g. that the higher and wider the wages distributed the more politic and profitable the mass production–the big world corporations policy–now managed more and more by computer determinations regarding "which is the most profitable strategy - this or that?"–will promote progressive increase in foreign wage rates and in time-payment finance to accelerate world buying. This world corporations’ around-the-world, wages step-up to final parity with U.S.A. wages will not be occasioned by the U.S.A. labor unions instituting world operations–a difficult task due to passports and other restrictions–but all unexpectedly by computer fiat because it will be promoted profitably by the world corporations’ C.I.T. type investment operations, it will take only a decade to develop world wage rate parities thus eliminating the fundamental frustration of economic development in India, etc.

8.146 In the meantime, the low foreign wages will make it impossible for the U.S.A. labor to compete with the world industry operations without committing economic suicide by quartering their wage rates. Instead U.S.A. labor will have to recognize that its direct objective of raising labor’s income share of progressively multiplying industrial wealth augmentations was only inadvertently, the means of its doing something much bigger and more important for world industrialization and humanity which was the key to making U.S. mass production industry successful. Labor’s inadvertent contribution to world industrialization success was that its widely distributed and stepped-up wage rates made possible mass purchasing which made mass production of any good prototype a fundamental economic success. To consolidate its gains and to stride forward into the new era, U.S.A. labor will have to let automation articulate briskly its flourishing trends in order to greatly advance the production of the organized energy -wealth-capability and thereby to make possible the residual, smaller U.S.A. producers’ ability to compete favorably in world markets. Thus U.S.A. labor will have to persuade the U.S.A. Congress to underwrite fifty million lucrative university scholarships with life benefits of every type in order to persuade labors ’rank and file’ to unblock and mandate full-cry automation.

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8.148 The only limitation to such a commitment is the ability to produce the goods which will be commanded by this steady buying power, and that exactly is what automation alone can do! The same scholarships will have to be given also to all the tens of millions of job holding bureaucrats–federal, state and corporate–as the international and inter- state tariffs and personal taxes are progressively eliminated "on advise" of the computers– as to the most favorable strategies for generating, distributing and regenerating the greatest possible real "energy intellect" - capability commonwealth in the shortest possible time.

8.149 In order to make universities adequate to the avalanche load, a ’great teachers’ documentary producing television revolution in education must take place. First thing will be to give all the faculty "deadwood" of all colleges and universities super research "fellowships"– to be operative anywhere off campus.

8.150 Through computer analysis the private vs. public sectors’ "best-interest" differentiations will trend to disappear. As they diminish the inhibition by invitation– already commenced–of the world-production-corporations’ enterprises, into the previously, exclusively "socialist" lands will swiftly increase. With such, socialist invited, world-type corporation’s automated enterprise installations advantageously operative in socialist lands, will come the supra-bounteous, incentive-held options on capital share values, which will gain swiftly as world-around accredited and computer evaluated relative wealth augmenting. In order to stimulate and properly reward those who initiate and sustain–the commonwealth multiplying–ever higher standards of per- formance in any and all prosocial advantage directions,–options on shares in the world industry corporations will be purchasable out of the lucrative "fellowship" incomes, by the computer detected and designated individuals who prove to be real-wealth augmentors of "important" magnitude.

8.151 All such vast considerations of "wealth" generation and regenerative distri- bution must start with both scientific and popular recognition of the extraordinary potential- capability value of the human beings which themselves constitute a priori, automated and metabolically self-regenerating, brain controlled, growth mechanisms. The wealth compre- hending must also recognize the extraordinary potentials of the natural environment, if properly understood as a complex of complementary patterns which if properly manipulated can support total man life. Next in importance in the consideration of the factors necessary to man’s realization of nature’s potential wealth, comes man’s experimental discovery of the leverage principle–as man accidentally steps upon the long end of a log, lying across another log, with the short end of the stepped-on log lying under a third log too great for man’s lifting by the combined muscles of his back legs, and arms. Man sees and realizes, as he steps on the log, that his relatively light weight is easily lifting the far heavier log. After much lever exploiting experience, man next arranges a set of lever arms around a hub and places this wheel of paddle-tipped levers in a waterfall and is able to link up the turning water-wheel shaft by pulleys, belts and gears–which are all lever principle devices–to do sustained work greater than he can do with his own muscles and that the linkage of free energies to levers belittles his miniscule short period efforts. With these interlinkages of the lever and channelled energy man is now in the wealth making business, which is to use his brain to get nature’s vast energy patterns to do the energy work of supporting and regenerating him.

8.152 All this is possible because the true wealth of world man is mathematically inventoriable as his physically organized ability to protect and satisfy his forward, inex- orable, metabolic and intellectual regeneration needs–which forwardly established, metabolic regeneration capability wealth is statable in per capita forward days, safely and adequately anticipated.

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8.154 The physical abilities which can anticipatorily furnish the metabolic regeneration capabilities consist of three main components,–two of which consist of energy, while the third consists of physically weightless, intellectual know-how.

8.155 The first energy component is energy as matter out of which man fashions all his tools, each of which is a development of the fulcrum and lever or the mechanical advantage principle.

8.156 The second energy component is ’free’ energy as radiation or gravity, which may be channelled and focused electro-magnetically, and otherwise, to impinge on the advantage-ends of the levers to do the forward metabolic regeneration work. Intellect shunts the free energy patterns of universe–external to man–to impinge on the big, automated leverage, work complex by using man’s miniscule physical (muscular and brain reflex) capabilities, only as self-starter and coordinator mechanisms, which self starter efforts are amplifiable by the "advantage" principle are pyramided relayingly, to finally in turn, start-up and coordinate the latest-biggest, system machines–by making first the small scale tools that make the bigger tools, which in turn mass produce the ever bigger and more prolific–brain-reflex emulating–automated tools.

8.157 Of this regenerative energy-wealth-intellect-know-how operation, it may be said that the scientists assure us, by the experimentally derived law of conservation of energy, that "energy may neither be lost nor created." They also assure us that the physical universe is finite–and consists exclusively of energy–therefore, the energy content of wealth is inexhaustible; ergo, irreducible. They also assure us that experiment shows that the intellectual know-how content of wealth is only increasable, for everytime intellect is employed experimentally, it learns more. It can’t learn less. If it learns that what it guessed "might work" doesn’t work–that is learning more; ergo, wealth, which cannot decrease physically and can only increase intellectually can sum totally only multiply.

8.158 Real-wealth is irreversibly self-augmenting.

8.159 Real-wealth cannot be used to alter yesterday.

8.160 Real-wealth can only be used to alter today and tomorrow.

8.161 The more and faster wealth is employed, the more and faster it must multiply.

8.162 Wealth has naught to do with the intrinsic value ’money’, as metallic specie–as silver, copper or gold coinage. Gold, silver and copper have, however, a myriad of uniquely excellent technological function advantages for man–for instance, in the formulation of energy-tool capabilities–that is as function #1 in the three-fold wealth constituency–energy (M) energy (C) and intellect. Incidentally, there is a challenge to the mathematical physicists to integrate the four fundamental, threefold constituent formulations. Einstein’s E = MCš; Gibb’s (phase rule) f = n - r + 2; Euler’s (topological) V = E - F + 2; .and our own wealth 1 aw W= 2E + I (where W is wealth, E is energy and I is intellect). The probably ultimate identification of functions of these formulas with one another–as disclosing one generalizable 1 aw for only superficially different aspects of the same fundamentals of universe behaviorism–will bring about an enormous acceleration in the computerized establishment of man’s real wealth functioning and its regenerative investibility, and thereby establishment of total man’s physical success in universe.

8.163 It is an inherent characteristic of man’s intellect organized energy wealth that the larger the numbers served, the more swiftly the apparatus is amortized and becomes

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8.165 improvingly replaceable.

8.166 The larger the interactive energy wealth system, the more efficiently does it operate. This is comprehended when we observe experimentally that when we double the linear dimensions of a system, we four-fold its surface, while eight-folding its volume; ergo, as we double size, we consistently halve the areas of surface through which the eight-folded and contained energies may escape–e.g. the larger the sun–or any star–the lower the entropic rate, and the longer does it conserve its energy. The larger the iceberg, the slower the rate of its melting, for it can only melt by inhibiting energy as heat from the rest of the universe, which it can only do through its surface. As the iceberg melts, its volume shrinks at a velocity of the third power Vş while its surface shrinks only a Vš, therefore, as it melts the rative amount of the volume as yet to be melted decreases much more rapidly than the amount of the surface area through which the energy–as heat to melt it,–can be admitted. The smaller the ice mass in a given atmosphere the faster does it melt. As the iceberg grows smaller it melts faster. Conversely generalizing: as energy systems grow larger they lose energy more slowly.

8.167 The combined energy and intellect wealth may be distributed from the natural energy sources, which are frequently remote from where men need to use the energy, wherefore the transmission of energy is intimate to the omni-directional realizations of wealth by all men everywhere.

8.168 In the transmission of energy by man from its generative source to work for other men at distances around the earth away from the energy sources, there are great differences in the efficiency, capacity and speed of the known alternative technologies of energy transmission–i.e. by: (A) continuous or batched; (B) solid, powered, liquid gaseous or electrical; (C) vesseled, boated, railroaded, piped, wired or wirelessly.

8.169 All transmission systems involve original capital investments of the energy-intellect-time, wealth to produce the transmission tools and further working capital of energy plus intellectual time wealth to cover operating costs.

8.170 When we account the annual rates for amortizing the original capital–tools and structures as well as the operating costs and continuous, lifelong, social overhead of commonwealth responsibilities and functions–as now customarily articulated by taxes–and compare the net delivered energy costs, volume and velocity advantages of the alternate energy transmission systems, we find that electrical energy delivered today by wire (and tomorrow possibly by radio, or light, or lasser beams)–is by far the most efficient, pro-fuse and speedy wealth distributing system.

8.171 The history of increase of voltages, distances and volumes of electrical energy transmission has been tied directly to the progressive limits of practically manufacturable, installable and maintainable equipment that could be realized from the comprehensive conversions of pure science’s (subjective) discoveries into objective use technologies, as also modified by the physical ("material") resources becoming progressively available to industrial use. (We put material into quotes for nuclear physics has clearly demonstrated that there are no "solid" things or "matter" in the sense in which man uses the word.)

8.172 Generally speaking, the higher the voltage, the greater both the volumes at which and the distances to which electrical energy can be transmitted. By the use of transformers, electrical energy generated at safely workable low voltages may be stepped-up to high voltage levels for transmission, and stepped-down at the receiving ends for safe domestic and industrial use.

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8.174 High voltage electrical transmission systems require many safe-guarding devices, for protection of both the public and the generating and transmitting systems–themselves–against the otherwise disastrous voltage and wattage overloadings occasioned by the relatively frequent interactions of lightning with the conducting lines and switch yards. The systems need extraordinarily effective overloaded circuit breakers, as well as insulators to support the conduction lines.

8.175 The two most limiting factors in recent years in the constant effort to increase the safe, feasible and economic electrical conduction has been (A) the limit of insulator effectiveness, and (B) the complex design and fabrication of adequately large conduction lines. The costly ceramics research occasioned by re-entry problems of space vehicles, plus the large quantities of the most plentiful and economically conducting metals–aluminum and copper–now available, has provided new high capacity electrical transmission insulators, and higher voltage capacity in general.

8.176 High voltage conductance–heretofore primarily at 138,000 kilo volts, and at 230,000 kilo volts,–has represented the maximum level of high voltage transmission feasibility of the last two decades. The transmission distances theoretically permitted by the highest of these voltages was in 1936–1,400 miles, but due to flourescent line losses, the practically profitable distance was only 340 miles. Hoover Dam to Los Angeles was a typically practical limit. Because of this 340 mile limit, industrial network systems of the major urban centers of the U.S.A. were too remote from one another to permit economically favorable integration hook-ups. Energy systems, as we have observed, are greatly benefited when the inter-linkage is economically feasible. In addition to the "geometrical relativity" aims of energy conservation occurring as size is increased the benefit of integration comes also from the law of averages, which allows the otherwise unused, but necessarily maintained total generating capacities to flow from one system to the other, to satisfy one another’s non-simultaneous supply shortages. The costs go down, and the profits go up rapidly with transmission network integrations.

8.177 Technological improvements are now permitting transmission voltage step-ups of importantly improved magnitude–to 380,000, to 500,000 and to 1,000,000 kilo volts (one million kilo volts, is one billion volts). This new era transmission is spoken of in the electrical industry as U.H.V.–"ultra high voltage."

8.178 Contracted U.H.V. installations are now underway throughout the U.S.A. which, within a decade will, for the first time, completely interconnect the U.S.A.’s electrical generation and transmission systems, bringing such important cost reductions and profit increases, that both the public and private ownership sectors are being vastly advantaged. The continental integrating agreements underlying the physical network inter-linkings have been accomplished without public notice of its taking place, despite that the total networks so integrated represent a capital value of seventy billion dollars. So satisfactory to both public and private sectors has this new development become, that the political voices of yesterday’s vitriolic dissention between public and private sectors have been entirely stilled. They were inherently stilled because the mergers were not arrived at through the opinions of directors but by the multi computer cross-checked assurance of the mutual profits only to be arrived at by such merger. A pre-knowledge of this silently arrived at private-public sectors merging of the yesterday dividend sides’ respective "best interests" to common bonanza accord, which took place during 1962-63 in the electrical transmission industry could readily have forecast the 1964 presidential election of Johnson.

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8.180 The by-product physical advantages for society of the integrated U.S.A.’s continental, energy network will be many, not the least of which will be the removal of the fuel burning prime movers of the generating systems from the major cities. Up to now, coal has been delivered by rail from Pennsylvania mines to New York City at lower energy cost than it could be transmitted by wire at 230,000 KV. The coal smoke of the electrical generation stations has been the prime smog maker of greater N.Y.C. With U.H.V., energy will go from Pennsylvania coal field generators to New York City at an overall 33% energy cost reduction as compared with the previous railroading of the coal. This direct cost reduction will be minor in comparison to the indirect cost reductions, such as the dust deposit accelerated depreciation of all manner of goods or of lung impairments, etc. This U.H.V. long distance energy transmissions as from generators in New Foundland to N.Y. City will mean elimination of smog, not only from N.Y.C. but from the majority of all world cities.

8.181 Step-ups to one million kilo volts makes most economically feasible the inter-continental linkage not only of Europe, Asia and Africa, but also of the American continents and in the not distant future of North America linked over or under, the Bearing Straits, with Kamchatka and thence with both the Russian and Chinese networks. This will occur in time to greatly accelerate the Eastern Siberian and above all the swift Oriental, energy-intellect-wealth distribution step-ups.

8.182 The energy-intellect-wealth advantage accruing to these last interlinkages will be the optimum because they will interlink the low night-time loads of the progressively shadowed hemisphere of the rotating earth with the high daytime loads of the progressively illuminated hemisphere.

8.183 It is now clearly indicated that the energy wealth advantages accruing to both private and public sectors will be so vast as to tend swiftly to cancel out the ideological differences of the respective beneficiary peoples’ previous sovereign political system advantages. ’If that’s socialism–I’m a socialist’ is the new enterprise capitalists ejaculation, and ’if that’s capitalism - it’s ideal for the commonwealth augmentation of the masses’ is the socialists ejaculation as they integrate their respectively contributed network facilities.

8.184 These new and vastly increased energy-wealth generating capabilities will convert to positive account the world’s energy wealth now on negative account–in the inventories of atomic energy invested in destructive missiles. With the energy-intellect-wealth integrations, the human desire drive for realizable physical success will swiftly out-distance man’s fear motivated weaponry build-up. There will be many energy harvesting, generating, and transmitting reorganizations. For instance, lead by LeTourneau’s final success in developing the diesel electric all-wheel drives of large earth movers, the electric propulsion of short-haul vehicles in all urban work, combined with the swift advances in energy-storage batteries, will go on in the next decades to eliminate carbon monoxide fumes from cities.

8.185 During World War Two there was greater need for hydro-carbon products than could be supplied by the petroleum industry, experiments were conducted at the United States Bureau of Standards–using the three most popular automobile engines–which were fueled with alcohol instead of gasoline. They worked with high efficiency and only minor carburetor modifications. The alcohols came from the canes and grasses. Because of exhaustion of petroleum refining capacities during World War Two, it was also necessary to allow the production of large amounts of alcohol from sugar and grains in order to produce sufficient butyl and neoprene, to in turn produce synthetic rubber products–

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8.187 especially auto, truck and plane tires. All unexpectedly, the synthetics provided far greater tire mileage performance than had the previous tire rubbers.

8.188 By the experimental developments of World War Two, it was clearly demon- strated that it is technically possible for world society to live at highest conceivable standards while using only its daily energy income from the ’push-pulls’ of star radiation and gravity, while at the same time conserving the fossil fuels and atomic fuel ’savings’ of the ages. It was evidenced that all the daily hydro-carbon income of cosmically generated radiation’s photosynthesis and metabolic energy harvesting in all the greenery of nature may be converted into storable alcohols from which energy as alcohol, energy as fuels, foods or plastics may be chemically realized–en masse.

8.189 In the next decade’s worldizing of industrial production systems and energy generating and transmission systems, we will witness the surprise solution to the establish- ment of world citizenship occasioned swiftly and simply by multiplication of world passenger traffic to magnitudes which will necessitate credit-card type passports and automation of omni-border clearances; plus the amplification of the efficiencies accruing to ’common market’.

8.190 Compounding all the trends herewith related makes clear that the highest priority task of the International Cooperation Year will be the dissemination to all the world’s peoples of the kinds of integrated trend, experiment, invention and development information that we are considering in this review–of the Geosocial Revolution–whereby total humanity can now become physically successful, if it doesn’t, through over extended and tolerated ignorance, frustrate the trends.

8.191 The important news to be disseminated continually integrates productively with other news as we realize for instance that all the energy, generation and distribution range, gaining will be coupled economically with desalination programs which can employ all the by-product heat of the electrical generating systems to reduce the generation costs of the world networks to even more important degree–while at the same time bringing the world’s deserts into ever green operation as the most efficient sun radiation harvesting and storing system of the metabolic wealth–optionally convertible thereafter into food, fuel or plastics.

8.192 While all the metabolic gains are taking place, favorable changes in population trends will be realized. Biological population is apparently operative on a quantum basis. Nature increases the seed and fertilization starts in inverse proportion to the probability of successful growth and survival of each of the ecologically complementary species–of all of life on Earth. As the chances for maple trees to survive decrease, nature starts more maple tree seeds whirling off in their rotor-ships to find plantable sites.

8.193 The full range of energy events of universe impinging upon man as hurricanes, earthquakes or mild weather changes, or even milder mosquito bites, are organized by nature on a quantum basis, whereby the more severe the energy event, the less frequent its occurrence, and conversely the milder and less disturbing, the more frequent are the energy events. Earthquakes are far less frequent than fleas, and novae less frequent than tornados.

8.194 In the same way, the human population’s starts, gains and recessions are geared directly to changing survival and birth rate probabilities. The first seventeenth century European colonists in America had an average of thirteen children per family. As the first waterworks and sewer systems came into use, improving the sanitary conditions and survival probability, the numbers of children per family swiftly decreased (only reversing momentarily in meager degree to rectify the abnormal death rates of warfaring) until with full industriali- zation attained in America, the birth rate is not at 1.9 children per family.

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8.196 The more industrialized a country becomes, the more rapidly does its birth rate decrease. North America, Europe and Russia’s population birth rates are all decreasing, and tend toward swifter decline. The increase in longevity in those countries, through control of diseases is alone responsible for their only temporary population adjustment increases. World population will first stabilize, then finally decrease as industrialization swiftly amplifies to serve all of humanity. What is developing on a long-range basis is that once born, some men will probably live in excellent health and vigor to great age - possibly ad infinitum.

8.197 The rate at which each successive country, entering industrialization, accomplishes the full industrialization magnitudes, per capita, accomplished by the earlier industrializing economies, constantly accelerates. Russia inaugurated its industrialization tool-ups as the U.S.A. came to the old world pirates’ 1929 financial crash (occasioned by the U.S.A.’s original industrial exploiter’s too short-sighted initiatives which fiasco switched the prime initiative from private banking into public underwriting of the wholesale advances of technological evolution). In the early 1930’s Russia purchased the prototype production plants–for all phases of industrialization–from the U.S.A.’s temporarily unemployed industrial giants, as well as from other major European industrial economies. Russia did not buy the equipment used by the U.S.A. one hundred years earlier when the U.S.A. was starting to industrialize. Russia insisted upon obtaining only the most advanced equipment known to be realizable in the 1930’s. As a consequence, within only 50 years, Russia accomplished (approximate) parity with the U.S.A.’s industrial, per capita, levels. Despite Russia’s high level industrialization, its living standard potential is as yet unrealized by its citizenry, due to the cold war’s weaponry diversion of Russia’s energy, intellect capital wealth. Russia accomplished in 50 years the magnitude of industrialization which took the U.S.A. 100 years.

8.198 China entered industrialization in 1949 at the computer-automation-atomic energy moment of history and started her tooling and instrumentation at that level. China never made or flew a reciprocating engine and propeller driven airplane. It started in the aeronautical industry with jets. China probably will accomplish her prime industrialization in 25 years - i.e. by 1974, nine years from now. As each of the national industrializations has been accompanied by a constantly lowering birth rate, China’s birth rate will henceforth decrease rapidly. China has already established effective birth control. India’s, Africa’s, South and Central America’s industrializations will swiftly follow. The world population increase to ’explosion’ magnitude will never occur, but will decelerate to industrially manageable magnitude as the, as yet undreamed of higher standards of living are realized.

8.199 India, Africa, Central and South America will achieve full industrialization by 1980 when (at the most disturbing prognostication rates) the world population will have reached only 5 billion, its final peak before full industrializations declining rate sets in. At that population peak, there will be an average of 6 1/2 acres of dry land, and nineteen acres of water-covered earth for each human. The present figures are 10 acres of dry land, and 30 acres of water-covered earth. The water-covered acres average a mile deep, the peak population will not come near the critical limit of metabolic supportability of man on Earth.

8.200 Having climbed, figuratively speaking, to the top of the prognostication mountain range, we will now enjoy our swift ski-run back to where we started. Poised at the peak of the ’run’, we take our last big look around. First we see that it will be the I.C.Y.’s foremost task to clarify that: the world peoples’ conceptual realization that the ability to do more with less in weaponry can also be applied to livingry, is a brand new realization. It is the mid-twentieth century’s most miraculous bonanza as realized from the cosmic treasury of the heretofore undiscovered generalized principle which apparently govern the

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8.202 evolutionary operation of universe. When the world peoples’ two major politicians, from the maximuimly opposed ideologies, Khruschev and Eisenhower, met at Geneva in 1954, it was put in utterly surprising evidence for the first time in history that by some there- tofore unnoticed miracle, it had come-to-pass that the science and commerce world bookkeeping figures suddenly revealed that all mankind might after all be permitted,– contrary to Malthus and Darwin’s "survival only of the fittest"–to be a (metabolically regenerative), comprehensive, physical success on Earth. Men can’t as yet believe that fact to a degree sufficient to persuade them to simultaneously drop all their weaponry, or their (both say–"only retaliatorily maintained") defenses, or their altogether totally obsolete bankruptcy type economic accountings. But men’s imminent and total physical success is now fact, and it makes the capability of shooting rockets to the moon miniscule in overall significance. Not a bad thing to have "hanging over your head"–success!

8.203 Doing more with less–ephemeralization–while only using recirculating scrap material resources, has never even been thought of by politicians–let along adopted by them–as constituting a realistic political strategy. They have had always to "make do" with the most obvious and familiar "what-have you’s". But ephemeralization is here, and the world students are the first to develop a strategically oriented awareness of its significance, an awareness which is now accelerating and is soon to attain world revolution magnitude.

8.204 To man’s unfavorably impressed amazement, he has now seen, developed, and made "operational" in the weaponry arts, a package of electronic and computerized rockets, weighing less than the weight of one navy destroyer, suddenly displacing all the navies and armies of the earth in a million-fold more effective hitting power. Using his scientists-furnished data, President Johnson likened the relative magnitude gain of this new striking force, to the graduation from one candle light to the radiation of the sun. Man is either uncomprehending, or has become congealed in his fascination with such a suddenly emergent destructive potential and has therefore failed almost entirely to see the significance of this epoch-making capability to do every task related to man’s physical success on earth in fractions of 1% of the time, energy and resources involvement per units of realized performance of each and every task as heretofore required throughout all history.

8.205 It is the I.C.Y.’s and the world students’ immediate task to reorient man– from his suicidal fixity only on the negative killing aspect of "doing infinitely more, with infinitely less"–to the realization that the design invention revolution now empowers man to become a comprehensive, metabolically regenerative success in universe.

8.206 At Paris in July 1965, the world news reporters may readily catch on that design science’s GEOSOCIAL REVOLUTION is indeed capable of supplanting the political initiative and may indeed eliminate the seemingly irremediable world impasses. The newsmen may even see that the design revolution is civilization’s last change. They may also discover that it is history’s greatest news story. But, if the newsmen do not catch on in Paris–somewhere soon thereafter they will make the historic ’double-take’ and report it to the world–for it is indeed history’s greatest and most welcome news. Then design science’s popular revolution will start rolling as more and more of the world’s millions of students put themselves to work in design science cooperatives on the world’s university campuses. Thus the students will stop using their heads as punching bags, and will start to use them in the most effective functioning for which their heads were designed; i.e. to design the now, for the first time, designable physical success of all men around Earth!

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8.208 It is clearly the function of politics to consolidate the scientific and industrial gains. Political battling for justice, as in the present struggle for the full citizens’ rights, not only for all the U.S.A.’s population, but for all the world population, is highly valid. But the right to vote cannot alone feed stomachs. Only the design science revolution can solve the problems of clothing, housing, transporting, intercommunicating and educating all humanity,–thereby to permit omni-integrating world society to have positives instead of negatives for which to vote.

8.209 The problems of private vs. public sectors is the same problem as socialism vs. private enterprise, and the same problem as man vs. men.

8.210 The individual has unique capabilities as do pluralities of men have unique capabilities. It takes two to make a baby. It takes only one to make a discovery. World society soon will comprehend and resolve these unique function differentiations and–avoiding their interferences–profit by their mutually regenerative interfuctioning. Two-headed men might make good football quarterbacks, on the defensive, but they would never be able to dodge-run "slalom" in spontaneously superb coordination through a broken field. Ships of the sea and air are coordinate tool extensions of their captains. Democratic determinations of air, or sea, ship-handling, accomplished only after passenger debate, opinionated speech-making, and final majority vote would sink any ship before it reached a safe port. It is essential that world society learn to differentiate clearly which functions of man or of men are naturally most reliably and usefully operative under various tooled or nontooled–industrialized or non-industrialized conditions. "Don’t speak to the motorman" is a workably sound idea as "Do speak to the ticket seller."

8.211 Individuals invented the radio and the airplane. Invention is an individual function. The world thereby contracted to an intimacy of all humans who had theretofore been utterly remote and unaware of one another. The airplane and radio put the politicians to work adjusting man to the intimate ecological change brought about by the inventions. It is the individuals who invent refrigeration and all the technology necessary to make the world work. It is industry’s job to convert the inventions to wealth generating functions. The politician’s job is to ’weed’ the garden planted by the inventors and cultivated by industry–to get rid of all that is obsolete or untrue in order to allow the bounty to flourish. Politicians are not scientific inventors. The invention and systems-design revolution must come before the political adjustments.

8.212 Revolution by design and invention is the only revolution tolerable to all men, all societies, and all political systems anywhere. Every nation welcomed the invention of the airplane, and refrigeration. Every nation welcomed and employed the transistor. All will welcome technically economic desalinization! All the world, properly informed of the significance of the students’ Design and Invention Revolution, will applaud and support the initiative, thus seized by the world’s youth.

8.213 The newspapers and periodicals of various host countries, having worked hard to get world conventions to take place within their respective countries, automatically welcome the conveners. Paris, and France will of course welcome the biennial Congress of the International Union of Architects in its domestic press publications. However, none of the business transacted during any of the past Architects’ World Congresses has ever been of sufficient interest to the world newsmen to be put on the international wire and wireless "services" as ’news’.

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8.215 As before in Mexico City, London, Moscow, Madrid, etc., again in 1965 the French press will welcome the U.I.A. Congress, but there will be no world news emanating from the Congress as precipitated by its official topic–"Architectural Education." But the International Cooperation Year and the students of the world, using the U.I.A.’s Congress as a springboard, do have a story–the greatest–"The world can be made to work success- fully for all, and we know how to do it." If the I.C.Y. doesn’t say it, and the students don’t say it, and the world goes on assuming itself to be an inherently self-frustrating system, then ignorant submission to the inertia of our lethally conditioned reflexes will soon push the buttons of Armageddon. We, however, are betting that the Earthians will WAKE UP AND WIN.

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APPENDIX A

8.217A RESOLUTION APPROPRIATE TO THE ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION THEME OF THE VIII WORLD CONGRESS OF THE UIA IN PARIS, FRANCE, 1965.

8.218 Suggested for reading and distribution to the delegates during the congress for possible inclusion on the agenda of formal resolution procedures.

8.219 Submitted by: R. Buckminster Fuller

8.220 It has been noted by recent congresses of architects that their professional employment pattern is bulging in the direction of regional and town planning and vice versa; regional planners are of necessity increasingly drawn into architectural under- takings. It has been noted also that architecture is trending swiftly toward general environment controlling problems. Recently the University of California’s Department of Architecture was renamed and enlarged under the title "College of Environmental Design." Environmental design has also brought architecture into the realm of general ecology, while again (vice versa) bringing ecologists and anthropologists into the general curricula of architectural schools as well as into consultation by practicing architects. As a direct part of the same trending, the most recent world congresses of professional geographers noted an importantly increasing trend of their employment in regional and town planning activities.

8.221 With the world-around building of the next score of years doubling that of all history before us and the architects’ work already deployed through modern transportation and communication, architectural offices which yesterday found themselves for the first time occupied in the design of buildings outside of their home territory are now being re- tained to build all around the world. The world-around architectural undertakings are trending from one building undertakings to design of whole new towns and regions. Ergo- the increasing needs for geographers, ecologists, geologists, climatologists, sociologists, international economists, et al.

8.222 Furthermore, the astronautics, defense, social welfare and health subsidies of major nations, now going increasingly into behavioral science researches, have brought discovery by behavioral scientists of the profound effect of environment upon human behavior. It has been found for instance, that 80% of the capacity to improve I.Q. has been brought into play before seven years of age and that the probability of becoming a success in higher education vs. becoming a ’drop-out’ is now undoubtedly attributable almost in entirety to the environmental factors of the first seven years of life.* This has drawn the architects’ environment controlling knowledge and designing capabilities into close couple with the behavioral scientists’ research and development work. Lastly, the close couple of architecture and engineering has long been obvious. Architecture is now being joined with advanced science.

8.223 The foregoing comprehensive integration of professional art and science activities has inaugurated a unifying trend in advanced architectural research towards preoccupation with general systems theory. The importance and power of general systems theory as applied to contemporary large scale planning problems becomes ever more apparent as the adequacy of private or public client opinion,–as the design authority,

8.224 *"Stability and Change in Human Characteristics" by Benjamin S. Bloom, published, J. Wiley, 1964. 113

8.225 dwindles and is replaced by joint private and government undertakings in which large teams of scientists and humanists now collaborate as the, computer informed, prime clients.

8.226 Ergo: It will be appropriate to introduce a measure in the VIII Congress of the U.I.A., under the congress theme of "Architectural Education", resolving that the U.I.A. recommend to the national architectural societies, comprising the world- around official membership of the U.I.A. that the national societies in turn recommend curricula changes to their university architectural schools; these changes to be adopted by the national architectural societies’ professional accrediting boards, whereby, in addition to the presently established wet of architectural disciplines, an important new percentage of the architectural curriculum be devoted, firstly, to general systems theory and, secondly, to acquisition by the architectural students of ecological, geo- graphical, behavioral and industrial economics capabilities.

8.227 The wisdom of such U.I.A. recommendation will become ever more apparent as the emerging nations and the lesser developed older nations find that their economic well-being is vitally dependent on their becoming integral participants in the world’s industrial network. The emerging nations bid fair to become the major clients of the world’s architects.

8.228 Agriculture, fishing and craft permit non-industrialized survival in isolation only when geographical, geological and ecological circumstances are propitious. These conditions of independent survival are not characteristic of the emerging lesser developed nations whose lesser development was initially accounted by their low yield environment.

8.229 Participation in industrialization cannot be exclusive due to the idiosyncrasies of the world’s industrial resource distribution. For example, Ghana is rich in manganese– with no iron or coal it cannot make steel, without this developed capability manganese is just so much useless geography. To be useful the manganese will have to be exported to steel-making countries. Ghana’s bounty of bauxite plus the Volta Dam power will make more aluminum than Ghana can use. This too must be exported. Both will bring Ghana buying power to participate in the industrialization. Altogether, this means intimate tie-up of all countries with world industrialization.

8.230 At the present point of development of the world industrial network, no one nation is or can be wholly self-sufficient in those resources necessary to sustain the full industrial process. The evolution of industry has merged cities, states and nations into complex networks. Full industrialization ultimately requires complete integration of world resources effort and wisdom. Industrialization is successful in direction proportion to the number served. As automation reduces man’s participation in industry as a pro- ducer it increases his importance to the total systems economic efficiency–as a consumer. The larger the system the more economically it functions–this portends comprehensive world network integrations with ever greater benefit for all.

8.231 The VIII U.I.A. Congress occurs at the critical moment of reorientation of World Architectural responsibilities.

8.232 114

BIBLIOGRAPHY

8.233BOOKS ABOUT BUCKMINSTER FULLER

8.234 Marks, Robert W., Ph.D. Dr. Sc.: The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller, Reinhold Publishing Co., (430 Park Ave., N.Y. 22, N.Y.), c1959. $12. Very thoroughly illustrated. Comprehensive review of Fuller inventions & developments. Out of print.

8.235 McHale, John: Buckminster Fuller, George Braziller, Inc. (215 Park Ave., S., N.Y. 3, N.Y.). $6. c1962. Well illustrated. Fuller’s design science strategies & disciplines, his philosophic tenets and operationally derived mathematical axioms.

8.236 BOOKS BY BUCKMINSTER FULLER, ALREADY PUBLISHED OR COMING OUT SOON

8.237 Education Automation: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, Carbondale, Ill., c1963. $2. Comprehensive inventory of suggested planning for new educational system-"Greatest Industry in History", a 20-year world forecast of techno-industrial revolution, paperback.

8.238 No More Second Hand God, Southern Illinois Univ. Press, Carbondale, Ill., c1963. $4. A collection of poems and essays. Contains much of B.F.’s fundamental philosophy and mathematical speculation including some original mathematical discoveries. Calculations indicate finiteness of both metaphysical and physical universe.

8.239 Charles Eliot Norton 1961-62 Lectures at Harvard University, Harvard Univ. Press. Publ. date, 1966. B. Fuller’s lectures as Harvard’s Charles Eliot Norton Prof. of Poetry in alternating co-professorship with Felix Candella of Mexico and Dr. Luigi Nervi, Italy. Fuller traces historical, socio-economic, design initiatives.

8.240 Ideas and Integrities, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., c1963. Autobiographical compendium of B.F.’s half-century thought development. Popularly readable.

8.241 The Unfinished Epic of Industrialization, Jargon Press of Johnathon Williams’ Nantahala Foundation. c1963. $3.50. Obtain from Heritage Press, 510 W. 4th St. Charlotte, N.C., paperback, 300-page epic poem, written 1940 before W.W. Two.

8.242 Nine Chains to the Moon, Southern Ill. Univ. Press, Arcturus Books Div. $2.45. c1963. Paperback plus few hard covers in first printing. Orig. printing in 1938 was 5,000. Original copies now sell in the range of $25 to $35.

8.243 FIVE BOOKS BY FULLER SOON TO BE PUBLISHED BY MACMILLAN, NEW YORK

8.244 Synergetics (formerly En/Syn Geom.) 1966. Comprehensive mathematical system apparently employed by nature. Now in completed manuscript worked on by B.F. for quarter of a century. Co-editors: Prof. Arthur L. Loeb, Math-physicist and Shoji Sadao, illustrations.

8.245 Naga to Eden, mid-1967. A new theoretical maritime reconstruction of prehistory.

8.246 Past Masters of World Economic Patterns. The evolution of human ecology. Early 1967.

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8.248 Design Science – by means of which democratic man will become a total economic success on earth. Late 1967.

8.249 N.B.: All of the books listed above as published may be obtained from the Gotham Book Mart, 41 West 47th St., New York City, New York. If any of these are temporarily or permanently out of print, Gotham Book Mart makes a practice of advertising for second-hand copies and can usually obtain them at small premium.

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8.251 SINCLAIR PRINTING COMPANY CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.