A Fuller Explanation

Index

Index

2- emended for this edition by J. Hausman

3 Bold –definition or section header.
Italic –illustration, photo, or table.
Bold + Italic –term in Glossary (p. 302).

4 6

5 606.01 64

6 A

7 A-module 2, 178, 203, 213, 221, 227, 228, 302

8 A-module

9 defining new framework 205, 216

10 energy characteristics 205, 211

11 net 207, 208

12 volume 215

13 Alloys 5, 36, 261, 284

14 Alloys

15 chrome-nickel-steel 37

16 Angle types, definition of

17 axial, central, dihedral, surface 87

18 Angular topology 71, 302

19 Angular topology

20 720° excess 84

21 principle of 82

22 takeout 82, 280, 293

23 Architecture 20, 88, 149, 253, 258, 259

24 housing 277

25 Avogadro, Amadeo 134, 135, 152

26 B

27 B-module 2, 178, 204, 302

28 B-module

29 energy characteristics 205, 215

30 Bamboo 256

31 Bicycle wheel 102, 103, 264, 283

32 Black Mountain College 266

33 Bohr, Niels

34 complementarity principle (1928) 191

35 Boltzmann, Ludwig 92

36 Bookshelf 2

37 Bowties 2

38 Brain-Mind distinction 14, 275, 284

39 Brooklyn Bridge (1883) 261

40 Buckminster Fuller Institute (BFI) xxii, 270, 281, 309

41 C

42 C60 carbon molecule xx

43 Carbon atoms

44 carbon fiber 261

45 diamond vs graphite 31, 150

46 general bonding of 185

47 Cell

48 as topological element 48, 135, 144, 148, 150, 160, 164, 182, 192, 196, 198, 199

49 Chinese physicists, Tsung-Dao Lee and Ning Yang 191

50 Chord 19

51 chord factors 85

52 chordal and radial equivalence in VE 180

53 chordal forces 96

54 chordal rates of convergence and divergence 180

55 great-circle arcs 220

56 great-circle chords 256, 257, 271

57 Closepacked spheres, sphere packing 2, 10, 20, 108, 111, 135, 140, 141, 147, 164, 187, 189, 194, 202, 214

58 Closepacked spheres, sphere packing

59 cubic vs hexagonal 112, 113, 114

60 formula for total numbers of spheres 123, 125, 126

61 icosahedron and sphere packing 2, 125, 127, 170

62 mathematical challenge 110, 116

63 nests 111, 119, 128, 130

64 planes of symmetry 114

65 tetrahedral clusters 116, 118, 128

66 vector equilibrium and sphere packing 109, 122

67 Complementarity 140, 168, 190, 191, 302

68 Complementarity

69 complementary quanta

70 A- and B-modules 205, 208

71 concave-convex, tension-compression, and other pairs 32, 143, 191, 259

72 fundamental complementarity in physics 190, 205

73 inherent complementarity of Universe 141, 168, 189, 190

74 of octahedron and tetrahedron 140, 149, 191

75 Compression 2

76 Consciousness

77 defined by Fuller 12, 13

78 Constant relative abundance 2

79 2 faces, 3 edges per vertex (less poles) in triangulated polyhedra 49

80 faces=2 times number of vertices minus 2 in triangulated systems 48

81 of 'dimensions' (topological elements) 81

82 Cookies 93, 138

83 Coordinate system 71, 104, 218, 254

84 Coordinate system

85 Cartesian 77, 78, 79, 95, 139, 145, 149, 164, 168, 222, 225

86 origin 36, 71, 149

87 origins, historical 15

88 spherical 78

89 Copernicus 77

90 Cosmic hierarchy 10, 152, 167, 175, 176, 177, 229, 293

91 Cosmic Railroad Tracks 2

92 Coupler 2, 213, 214, 215, 302

93 Cube 2, 43, 44, 45, 47, 50, 224

94 Cube

95 employment as basic unit of mathematics 8, 9, 15, 22, 23, 77, 80, 168, 190, 202

96 ghost 9, 75, 153

97 inherent tetrahedron in 50, 64, 65, 145, 146, 154, 190, 197

98 instability of 64, 65, 115, 133, 143, 145, 149, 154, 155, 190

99 tetrahedral volume of 162

100 used as unit of volume 153, 154, 162, 168

101 weightless 75

102 Cuboctahedron 2, 37, 53, 54, 55, 56, 97, 99

103 Cuboctahedron

104 duality of 56

105 twist 97

106 D

107 Degrees of freedom 2, 101, 123, 241, 283, 302

108 Degrees of freedom

109 conventional treatment 103

110 freedom of motion in sphere packing 118

111 in space 102, 105

112 planar analogy 101

113 tetrahedron and 103

114 Democritus 63

115 Descartes, René 82

116 Design

117 defined 274

118 Design science 2, 14, xv, 127, 150, 151, 274, 281, 283

119 comprehensive thinking 275

120 design-science revolution 284

121 Design Science Collection xv, xvi

122 Dictionary as inventory of experiences 21

123 Dimension xvi, 44, 71, 76, 302

124 Dimension

125 as direction 81

126 definition of 76

127 four-dimensional 82, 100, 180, 181, 183

128 multi-dimensional 76, 136, 138

129 other applications of 81, 82

130 three-dimensional 81, 138

131 Dodecahedron 2

132 Dodecahedron, pentagonal 44, 45, 47, 49, 53, 180, 189, 192, 227, 230

133 Dodecahedron, pentagonal

134 symmetry of 54, 180, 229

135 Dodecahedron, rhombic 2

136 Domain 227

137 Domain

138 and closepacked spheres 147, 214

139 and duality 147, 194

140 defined 147

141 Duality 2, 53, 192, 224

142 dual operations 56, 148

143 dual polyhedra 49, 54, 180, 225

144 IVM and 144, 146, 148, 193

145 Dymaxion 37, 303

146 Dymaxion

147 Map 70, 279, 281

148 E

149 Eddington, Arthur 8, 36, 158

150 Edmondson, Amy C. 6, xvi, 267

151 Einstein 12, 72

152 Einstein

153 E= mc ² 14

154 Empire State Building 9

155 Energy-event

156 descriptive term to replace 'solid' 8, 9, 30, 207, 303

157 discrete energy events 2, 19, 20, 205, 235, 236, 242, 271

158 'energy-event Universe' 16, 55, 72, 235, 240, 242

159 Engineering 150, 183, 252, 269, 270

160 Entropy xiii, 92

161 Environment control 278

162 Equilibrium 2

163 Euler, Leonhard 46

164 Euler's Law 2, 46, 49, 74, 84, 124, 244, 245

165 Everything I Know video 9, 12, 13, 33, 34, 36, 74, 91, 150, 253, 307

166 Extinction 275

167 F

168 Finite accounting system 2, 20, 133, 178, 221, 303

169 Flat-Earth thinking 15, 21, 22, 77, 153, 169, 279

170 Food system 276, 277, 278, 311

171 Four planes of symmetry 100, 114, 138, 141, 149, 180

172 Frequency 120, 241, 303

173 Frequency

174 and size 72

175 and time 73

176 angle and 73, 78, 90, 98

177 defined 120

178 formula to relate frequency and number of spheres 134, 253

179 higher-frequency polyhedra 143, 157, 164, 196, 198, 249, 252, 254, 271

180 sphere-packing and 120, 123

181 vs continuum 73, 250

182 Fuller Institute 2

183 Fuller, R. Buckminster ('Bucky')

184 Anne Hewlett Fuller 1, xvi

185 Harvard University 10

186 Milton MA 2, xvi

187 United States Navy experience 18, 90, 275

188 'careers' as inventor, architect, engineer, philosopher 2

189 G

190 General Dynamics, titanium shell experiment 253

191 Generalized principle 2, 3, 14, 36, 38, 117, 254, 303, 304

192 design science as application of 14

193 eternal not special-case 275

194 exceptionless 14

195 God

196 as unknowable totality of 15

197 humanity's wealth 306

198 invention as novel application of 14, 254, 278

199 key to humanity's success 274

200 of 12 degrees of freedom 283

201 of 720° angular takeout 84

202 of duality 55

203 of formula of nuclear sphere packings 125

204 of icosahedron as best sphere approximation 279

205 of oct-tet space-filling ratio 192, 201

206 of synergy 15

207 of triangular-number formula 117

208 of varying rates of geometric expansion 278

209 omni-interaccommodative 15, 40, 305

210 principle of angular topology 2

211 synergetics as the search for 14

212 Universe as total web of all 15

213 Geodesics 2, 241, 245, 246, 250, 251

214 defined 246

215 Expo67 U.S. pavilion dome 1

216 four-frequency icosahedron 86, 251, 255

217 geodesic breakdowns 255

218 geodesic dome 2, 3, 6, 68, 70, 250, 252, 254, 270, 274, 278

219 geodesic dome and frequency 248

220 geodesic mathematics 4, 246

221 geodesic polyhedra 84, 242, 245, 250, 254, 271

222 great-circle chords 250, 256, 278

223 God, not 'the God' 12

224 as 'greater intellectual integrity of eternally regenerative universe' 63, 274, 304

225 as 'unknowable totality of generalized principles' 15

226 as non-anthropomorphic all-encompassing greater intelligence 274

227 Golden section 20, 178

228 Gravity

229 Fuller anecdotes 3, 263

230 mass interattraction 14, 36, 218, 259, 263, 283

231 Great circles 29, 219, 303

232 Great circles

233 bowties 232, 242, 244

234 cosmic railroad tracks 243, 245

235 definition of 219

236 Energy paths 240

237 great-circle arc 220, 235, 247

238 great-circle patterns 222

239 icosahedral 226, 238, 244, 248, 249, 271

240 minimum models 236

241 shortest path 219, 220, 240, 242, 246

242 icosahedron as local shunting circuit 243

243 Greece, ancient 2

244 geometry of 8, 18, 39, 40, 81, 190, 260

245 Greek, use in nomenclature 17, 28, 29, 30, 37, 42, 44

246 H

247 Hanging bookshelf 282

248 Harvard University 10, xvi, xxii, 40, 273

249 Harvard University

250 Sever Hall 4

251 Heisenberg, indeterminism 191

252 Hexahedron 2, 154, 156

253 I

254 Icosahedron 2, 29, 42, 43, 47, 53

255 and geodesics 250

256 jitterbug and 172, 174

257 net 83

258 structural system 66

259 symmetry of 81, 127, 175, 176, 226, 247, 252, 253, 278, 279

260 volume of 174, 175

261 'dimpling' 68, 69, 303

262 'out-of-phase' role 175, 176, 178, 182, 189, 192, 229, 231

263 Icosidodecahedron 53, 54

264 Impossibles (unempirical constructs) 8

265 circle, perfect continuous 19

266 continuum 133

267 equilibrium, perfect static 173

268 line, imaginary infinite straight 5, 7, 8, 9, 17, 91

269 plane, continuous infinite 9, 75

270 point, sizeless 9, 75

271 solid-things thinking 8, 66, 196, 260, 263, 265, 283

272 solid, continuous-surface 8, 12, 18, 30, 133, 183

273 sphere, continuous-surface 19, 86, 108, 250, 252

274 surface, zero-thickness 25

275 vs 'demonstrables' 8, 9, 18, 20, 25, 72, 75, 109, 188

276 'oneness' 33

277 In-Out vs Up-Down 12

278 Infinity 2, 25

279 and irrational numbers 18

280 circle as many-sided polygon 19

281 sphere as multifaceted polyhedron 19

282 vertices on sphere surface 86

283 Ingber, Donald 5, 272

284 Interprecessing 2, 130, 131, 132

285 Intertransformabilities 50, 54, 55, 149, 152, 167, 202, 205, 217, 222, 223, 228, 231, 304

286 Invention 2, 3, 15, xxi, 25, 26, 70, 149, 254, 258, 274

287 defined 14, 254

288 gestation rates 277

289 Invisibles

290 invisible reality 3, 14, 15, 37, 174, 183, 261, 263, 265, 271, 284

291 invisible Universe 173, 265

292 Isotropic vector matrix (IVM) 2, 12, 135, 170, 175, 202, 205, 208, 304

293 Isotropic vector matrix (IVM)

294 alternating octahedra and tetrahedra 135, 136, 145, 202

295 cube and IVM 145, 147, 148

296 equilibrium 138

297 frame of reference 148, 152, 153, 155, 164, 167, 175, 176, 178, 183, 187, 192, 193, 195, 197, 201, 217, 231, 243

298 IVM' 148, 152, 160, 164, 192

299 omnisymmetry 137, 138, 145, 150, 175, 176, 195, 202

300 omnitriangulation 141

301 square cross-section of IVM 141

302 VE and IVM 2

303 IVM 2

304 J

305 Jitterbug

306 complex of jitterbugs 181, 182

307 flexible VE model 170, 180

308 transformation 171, 180, 182, 183, 184, 226, 231, 304

309 K

310 Kenner, Hugh 75

311 kissing point 214

312 Klug, Aaron 253

313 L

314 Least common denominator (LCD) 208, 209, 212, 227, 239, 248, 257

315 Lesser circle 219

316 Tropic of Cancer 219

317 Leverage 14, 15, 61

318 Life 2

319 Life-support advantage 26, 284

320 Line 2

321 chord 279

322 chord as 252

323 Euclidean 220

324 vector as replacement for 9, 41, 74

325 Local holding patterns 236, 242

326 Loeb, Arthur L. 2, 4, 6, 11, xvii, xviii, xxi, xxii, 40, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 65, 105, 152, 157, 164, 165, 197, 210, 302

327 M

328 MacCready, Paul

329 Gossamer Albatross 261

330 Malthus, Thomas, Malthusian thinking 5, 284

331 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 5, 6, 64, 71

332 Mathematics

333 defined as science of structure and pattern 64, 71, 75

334 Mercator projection 279, 280

335 Metaphysical phenomena

336 mind, life, thought, equilibrium, generalized principles, pattern integrities 4, 8, 13, 26, 35, 63, 89, 106, 107, 205, 304

337 Mite 209, 210, 212, 213, 215, 304

338 Mite

339 cubes and 211, 213

340 mirror symmetry of 211, 215

341 rearrangement of 215, 216

342 rhombic dodecahedron and 212, 213

343 More with less (ephemeralization) 261, 284, 285, 303

344 Mozart 63

345 Multiplication by division 152, 158, 168, 174, 189, 205, 225

346 N

347 Natural is what nature permits 11

348 Nature's coordinate system 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 18, 19, 26, 37, 74, 91, 110, 206, 304

349 Navy 2

350 Nests 2, 304

351 Net, polyhedral 83, 86, 206, 304

352 Neutral axis 261

353 Nuclear spheres 2, 109, 112, 119, 214, 215

354 Nuclear spheres

355 defined 119

356 removal of 170, 175

357 tetrahedron and nuclei 121, 129

358 VE and nuclei 170

359 O

360 Octahedron 2, 41, 42, 45, 47, 80, 148

361 closepacked spheres and 114, 115

362 jitterbug and 172

363 octahedral cavities 99, 137, 141, 165, 181, 190, 196

364 octahedral core 159, 176

365 structural system 145

366 symmetry of 80, 222

367 truncated 2

368 Octant 145, 160, 161, 162, 163, 204, 213

369 Octet symmetry 2

370 Octet Truss 3, 68, 70, 137, 149, 150, 190, 211

371 Operational mathematics 7, 8, 26, 32, 33, 152, 154, 155, 232, 250

372 Operational mathematics

373 operational procedure 10, 11, 20, 158, 187, 191, 206

374 P

375 Patents 2

376 Pattern integrity 59, 61, 104, 305

377 Pattern integrity

378 knot 62, 63

379 life 10, 63

380 wave 62, 63, 183

381 Pentagonal dodecahedron 2

382 Phase changes 2

383 Philosophy (of Buckminster Fuller) 2, 6, 10, 25, 34, 35, 105, 276, 277, 284

384 Philosophy (of Buckminster Fuller)

385 philosophy 274

386 philosophy and geometry 35, 133, 168, 266

387 Planes of symmetry 114

388 Platonic polyhedra 2

389 Poles of spinnability 47, 49, 124, 221

390 Polyhedra 2

391 geodesic (triangulated) 31, 266, 294

392 irregular 67, 84, 85, 131, 266

393 regular 31, 45, 46, 57, 97, 141, 220, 266, 294, 305

394 regular-Platonic 'solids' 37, 40, 49, 51, 268, 269

395 semiregular 31, 54, 56, 57, 97, 141, 195, 200, 220, 266, 294

396 Precession 2, 59, 130, 183, 305

397 Principle of angular topology 2

398 Q

399 Quantum 2, 31, 133, 305

400 Quantum

401 discrete quanta 153, 218, 252

402 edges (six) as one 31, 68, 84, 133

403 physics 190

404 units 178

405 R

406 Regular polyhedra 2

407 Rhombic dodecahedron 2, 31, 54, 55, 56, 146, 147, 154, 163, 164, 179, 231

408 duality of 193

409 icosahedron and 146, 179, 180

410 space-filling property 193, 194, 195, 197

411 space-filling property 195

412 spheric 147, 148, 195, 212, 213, 217, 305

413 volume 163

414 Rhombic triacontahedron 28, 230, 239

415 Rhombicuboctahedron 165

416 Rhombohedron 143, 191, 197

417 S

418 S-module 178, 179, 231

419 Sadao, Shoji 268, 279

420 Saint Peter's Cathedral Dome 258, 260

421 Schlaefli's formula 48

422 Science

423 definition of 8, 36, 158

424 Science of spatial complexity 2

425 Shell, or single-layer, systems 2, 65, 126, 175, 216, 241, 252, 253

426 Sixness

427 cosmic 238

428 six positive-negative linear directions 100, 123, 283

429 Slenderness ratio 260

430 Snelson, Kenneth 266

431 Sodium chloride 36

432 Solar system as tensegrity 263

433 Solids 2

434 geometric 2, 8, 19, 37, 164

435 phase changes in chemistry 174, 184, 185

436 Solway, Carl

437 Carl Solway Gallery 182

438 Southeast Asian basketry 247

439 Space

440 science of spatial complexity 4, 10, 15, 25, 283, 285

441 self-organization/order inherent in space 10, 11, 25, 30, 64, 91, 93, 101, 114, 127, 163, 168, 179, 187, 201, 244

442 shape of space (space has shape) 11, 12, 39, 74, 75, 77, 100, 109, 110, 114, 116, 123, 137, 138, 152, 154, 155, 187, 190, 253

443 spatial constraints 10, 11, 39, 44, 45, 63, 75, 77, 91, 109, 116, 127, 128, 140, 141, 189, 222, 253, 256, 271, 273

444 Space Structures 11, 51

445 Space-filling 2

446 all-space filling 187, 195, 209, 213

447 complementarity 2, 181

448 complex 185, 187, 209, 243

449 cubes 192

450 domain of sphere 147

451 filling space with closepacked spheres 116, 242

452 formula for space filling 192, 197

453 IVM and 2, 148, 149, 192, 202

454 octet symmetry 190, 212, 217

455 rhombohedron 143, 191

456 space fillers 187, 189, 197, 200, 209, 213, 215, 217

457 space fillers, other 191

458 teams 192

459 truncated octahedron 2, 195, 217

460 Spaceship Earth 6, 22, 66, 274, 276, 277, 305

461 Special case 72, 275, 305

462 Special case

463 special case system 167

464 special-case experience 14, 31

465 Sphere 2

466 defined 108

467 frame of reference for polyhedral systems 221

468 omnisymmetrical form 122, 221, 242

469 surface area of 19, 236, 250, 278

470 Spheric 2

471 Spherical polyhedra 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 227, 228, 234, 237, 247, 279

472 Spherical triangles 32, 223, 227, 229, 238, 240, 305

473 Spherical trigonometry 86, 257, 258

474 Spin/spinnability 2

475 Star tetrahedron 223, 238

476 Stellation

477 definition of 51

478 degenerate 55

479 degenerate stellation 52, 56, 145, 148, 193, 230

480 Straight line 2

481 Structural stability 2

482 necklace 59

483 prime structural systems 125

484 stability and jitterbug 170

485 stability formula 65

486 triangulation 64, 127, 149, 202, 240, 247, 249, 250, 256, 272

487 Structure

488 definition of 66

489 Sunrise/Sunset

490 Sunsight/Sunclipse, suggested modern-era terms 22

491 persistent misnomers evidencing misperceptions 3, 5, 22

492 Symmetry 2

493 defined 57, 109, 202

494 mirror symmetry 57, 203

495 octet symmetry 216

496 omnisymmetry 2, 95, 96, 99, 122, 148, 149, 242

497 planar symmetry 92

498 polyhedra as symmetry patterns 75, 192

499 rotational symmetry 121, 176, 181, 189, 211, 221, 223

500 seven unique axes of symmetry 114, 226, 244

501 spatial symmetry 2

502 Synergetics accounting 139

503 cosmic accounting 205

504 Synergetics\

505 Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking 5, 6, xiii, xiv, xviii, xx, xxiii, 27, 32, 36, 53, 76, 79, 81, 103, 110, 119, 186, 195, 210, 220

506 Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking

507 topology combined with vectorial geometry 74

508 Loeb's 'Contribution to Synergetics' 40, 157, 168, 178, 180, 191, 192, 210

509 Synergetics2\

510 Further Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking xiii, xviii, xx, xxiii

511 Loeb's 'Addendum' 178

512 Synergy 15, 28, 36, 151, 306

513 Synergy

514 alloys 36

515 and synergetics, synergetic-energetic-geometry 37

516 defined 36

517 in tensegrity 269

518 System

519 definition of 28, 29, 46, 48, 306

520 T

521 Takeout 2

522 Technology

523 as pure principle in action 274

524 nature's self-organization as high technology 15

525 Tensegrity 4, xv, 258, 260, 263, 306

526 Tensegrity

527 interplay of tension and compression in Universe 258, 265, 271, 272

528 models 266

529 pneumatics 271, 272

530 tensile strength 37, 261, 268, 269

531 tension materials 106, 261, 263, 269, 282

532 use of tension in construction 263, 265

533 Tessellations 41, 188, 250

534 Tetrahedron 41, 42, 45, 47, 250

535 Tetrahedron

536 basic unit in Synergetics 31, 41, 156, 158, 159, 184

537 central angle of 145, 146

538 cheese 155

539 inside-out 173

540 isotropic vector matrix and 140

541 jitterbug and 173

542 minimum system of Universe 29, 30, 34, 35, 81, 104, 140, 149, 156, 168, 173, 203, 215, 236

543 perpendicular symmetry of 130, 164, 165

544 rigidity of 150

545 sphere-cluster tetrahedra 2

546 subdivision of tetrahedron 2, 159, 160, 163, 164, 202, 203

547 surface angles of 62, 84

548 tetrahedroning 23, 24, 199

549 truncation of 51, 143

550 unit of volume 153, 156, 162, 168, 174, 215

551 Tetrakaidecahedron (truncated octahedron) 52, 143, 195, 196

552 Three-way grid 2, 247, 256, 272

553 Titanium shell experiment 253

554 Triangles 2

555 equilateral triangles in vector equilibrium 98

556 similar 155, 157

557 stability of 2, 28, 61, 172, 258, 278

558 triangular numbers 117

559 'triangling' instead of squaring 22, 23, 24

560 Tropic of Cancer 2

561 Truncation 50, 196

562 Truncation

563 definition of 51

564 degenerate 55, 98, 165

565 isotropic vector matrix and 143, 148, 195

566 Truss 2

567 Tune-in-ability 33, 34, 35, 271, 306

568 Twelve degrees of freedom 2

569 U

570 Unempirical constructs 2

571 United States Patents

572 2,682,235 (1954) 258

573 4,377,114 (1983) 282

574 2,393,676 (1946) 281

575 Universe 2, 12, 306

576 Universe

577 as 'incredible technology' 274

578 defined by Fuller 13

579 differences in Universe as modulation of angle and frequency 73

580 product of interaction between principles and energy 14, 40, 66, 173, 274

581 'scenario Universe' 12, 13, 26, 36, 61, 149, 158

582 'single-frame' Universe 12, 13

583 'trans-Universe' vs 'locally operative' 175

584 V

585 Valency 51, 176, 183, 306

586 Valency

587 definition of 32

588 in duality 55, 147, 148

589 'quadrivalent' 173

590 Valving 206, 211, 306

591 Vector 2

592 and energy events 74, 91, 135, 306

593 and forces 94, 252

594 and interactions 90, 91, 93

595 as replacement for line 2

596 sphere packing and 2

597 topology and 74

598 Vector equilibrium (VE) 2, 306

599 Vector equilibrium (VE)

600 closepacked spheres and 108, 114, 175

601 conceptual vs actual equilibrium 174, 176

602 cuboctahedron as 97

603 equilibrium defined 89

604 equilibrium in nature 263

605 hexagons and equilibrium 95, 96, 97, 101, 108, 111, 112, 114, 180

606 hidden VE inside octahedron 165, 166

607 model of 94

608 space filling and 136, 139, 181, 192, 197

609 tetrahedron and 162

610 time and equilibrium 107

611 Video 2

612 Virus 10, 11, 127, 128, 175, 252, 253, 307, 308

613 Visual literacy 25

614 Volume ratios 152, 153, 158, 159, 167, 174

615 use of volume constant 156, 157

616 volume-to-surface-area ratio 67, 127, 128, 150, 278

617 W

618 Wealth 284, 306

619 Wealth

620 generalized principles as humanity's 14, 82

621 redefined 284

622 Whole numbers 166, 168, 306

623 Whole numbers

624 whole-number relationship 19, 20, 31, 153, 154, 162, 163, 174, 175, 293

625 Whole systems 32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 40, 110, 158, 159, 166, 169, 257, 263, 269, 273, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 293, 305, 306

626 Y

627 Yale University 272

628 Yang, Chen Ning 191

629 Z

630 Zung, Thomas T.K. 268

631 -

632 -ness (conceptionings of space/systems) 2

633 90-degreeness 81

634 betweenness 29

635 fourness 55, 81

636 handedness 191

637 insideness/outsideness 29, 35, 104, 215, 293

638 oneness 33

639 somethingness of space 12

640 thingness 13

641 twelveness 241

642 '

643 'Dare to be naïve' 27, 39

644 'Fake bubbles' 17

645 'Hands-on' mathematics 3, 26, 119, 217

646 'Impossible' achievements

647 human flight 261

648 spans exceeding 150 ft. 259

649 'Unity is plural' 33, 168, 173, 191, 302, 303